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The case for a flat Cold Dark Matter model with a positive cosmological constant $Lambda$ has been recently strongly advocated by some theoreticians. In this paper we give the observers point of view to the light of the most recent observations with a special emphasis on lensing tests. We confirm the apparent cosmic concordance for a flat Universe with $Omega_{Lambda}$ close to 0.6 but we note that a low mass density open universe with no cosmological constant is still quite acceptable for most of the reliable observational tests, including lensing tests as well.
The standard concordance model of the Universe is based on the cosmological constant as the driver of accelerating expansion. This concordance model is being subjected to a growing range of inter-locking observations. In addition to using generic obs
This course presents some applications of gravitational lensing to the measurement of masses of galaxies (galaxy-galaxy lensing, Eintein rings, perturbations of giant arcs) and cluster of galaxies (strong and weak lensing). This complements the F. Be
We reanalyse optical gravitational lens surveys from the literature in order to determine relative probabilities in the $lambda_{0}$-$Omega_{0}$ plane, using a softened singular isothermal sphere lens model. In addition, we examine a portion of the $
We investigate the feasibility of measuring weak gravitational lensing using 21cm intensity mapping with special emphasis on the performance of the planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We find that the current design for SKA-Mid should be able to me
We consider the effect of a positive cosmological constant on spherical gravitational collapse to a black hole for a few simple, analytic cases. We construct the complete Oppenheimer-Snyder-deSitter (OSdS) spacetime, the generalization of the Oppenhe