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The conceptual picture underlying resolvent analysis(RA) is that the nonlinear term in the Navier-Stokes(NS) equations provides an intrinsic forcing to the linear dynamics, a description inspired by control theory. The inverse of the linear operator, defined as the resolvent, is interpreted as a transfer function between the forcing and the velocity response. This inversion obscures the physical interpretation of the governing equations and is prohibitive to analytical manipulation, and for large systems leads to significant computational cost and memory requirements. In this work we suggest an alternative, inverse free, definition of the resolvent basis based on an extension of the Courant-Fischer-Weyl min-max principle in which resolvent modes are defined as stationary points of a constrained variational problem. This leads to a straightforward approach to approximate the resolvent (response) modes of complex flows as expansions in any basis. The proposed method avoids matrix
Resolvent analysis identifies the most responsive forcings and most receptive states of a dynamical system, in an input--output sense, based on its governing equations. Interest in the method has continued to grow during the past decade due to its po
An analysis of the statistics of the non-linear terms in resolvent analysis is performed in this work for turbulent Couette flow at low Reynolds number. Data from a direct numerical simulation of a minimal flow unit, at Reynolds number 400, is post-p
Coherent turbulent wave-packet structures in a jet at Reynolds number 460000 and Mach number 0.4 are extracted from experimental measurements and are modeled as linear fluctuations around the mean flow. The linear model is based on harmonic optimal f
An investigation of optimal feedback controllers performance and robustness is carried out for vortex shedding behind a 2D cylinder at low Reynolds numbers. To facilitate controller design, we present an efficient modelling approach in which we utili
Modal and nonmodal analyses of fluid flows provide fundamental insight into the early stages of transition to turbulence. Eigenvalues of the dynamical generator govern temporal growth or decay of individual modes, while singular values of the frequen