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We introduce an operational rewriting-based semantics for strictly positive nested higher-order (co)inductive types. The semantics takes into account the limits of infinite reduction sequences. This may be seen as a refinement and generalization of the notion of productivity in term rewriting to a setting with higher-order functions and with data specified by nested higher-order inductive and coinductive definitions. Intuitively, we interpret lazy data structures in a higher-order functional language by potentially infinite terms corresponding to their complete unfoldings. We prove an approximation theorem which essentially states that if a term reduces to an arbitrarily large finite approximation of an infinite object in the interpretation of a coinductive type, then it infinitarily (i.e. in the limit) reduces to an infinite object in the interpretation of this type. We introduce a sufficient syntactic correctness criterion, in the form of a type system, for finite terms decorated with type information. Using the approximation theorem, we show that each well-typed term has a well-defined interpretation in our semantics.
We discuss the treatment of initial datatypes and final process types in the wide-spectrum language HasCASL. In particular, we present specifications that illustrate how datatypes and process types arise as bootstrapped concepts using HasCASLs type c
We present guarded dependent type theory, gDTT, an extensional dependent type theory with a `later modality and clock quantifiers for programming and proving with guarded recursive and coinductive types. The later modality is used to ensure the produ
We present the guarded lambda-calculus, an extension of the simply typed lambda-calculus with guarded recursive and coinductive types. The use of guarded recursive types ensures the productivity of well-typed programs. Guarded recursive types may be
This note formally defines the concept of coinductive validity of judgements, and contrasts it with inductive validity. For both notions it shows how a judgement is valid iff it has a formal proof. Finally, it defines and illustrates the notion of a proof by coinduction.
We introduce a generalized notion of inference system to support more flexible interpretations of recursive definitions. Besides axioms and inference rules with the usual meaning, we allow also coaxioms, which are, intuitively, axioms which can only