ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Civil Asset Forfeiture (CAF) is a longstanding and controversial legal process viewed on the one hand as a powerful tool for combating drug crimes and on the other hand as a violation of the rights of US citizens. Data used to support both sides of the controversy to date has come from government sources representing records of the events at the time of occurrence. Court dockets represent litigation events initiated following the forfeiture, however, and can thus provide a new perspective on the CAF legal process. This paper will show new evidence supporting existing claims about the growth of the practice and bias in its application based on the quantitative analysis of data derived from these court cases.
Since its advent in 2009, Bitcoin, a cryptography-enabled peer-to-peer digital payment system, has been gaining increasing attention from both academia and industry. An effort designed to overcome a cluster of bottlenecks inherent in existing central
As the role of algorithmic systems and processes increases in society, so does the risk of bias, which can result in discrimination against individuals and social groups. Research on algorithmic bias has exploded in recent years, highlighting both th
The purpose of this paper is to examine the opportunities and barriers of Integrated Human-Machine Intelligence (IHMI) in civil engineering. Integrating artificial intelligences high efficiency and repeatability with humans adaptability in various co
Meta-analysis is a systematic approach for understanding a phenomenon by analyzing the results of many previously published experimental studies. It is central to deriving conclusions about the summary effect of treatments and interventions in medici
COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Till now, there is no remedy for this epidemic. However, isolation and social distancing are seemed to be effective preventive measures to control this pandemic. Therefore, in this paper, an optimization problem is form