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We test the elasticity of granular aggregates using increments of shear and volume strain in a numerical simulation. We find that the increment in volume strain is almost reversible, but the increment in shear strain is not. The strength of this irreversibility increases as the average number of contacts per particle (the coordination number) decreases. For increments of volume strain, an elastic model that includes both average and fluctuating motions between contacting particles reproduces well the numerical results over the entire range of coordination numbers. For increments of shear strain, the theory and simulations agree quite well for high values of the coordination number.
We study experimentally the fracture mechanisms of a model cohesive granular medium consisting of glass beads held together by solidified polymer bridges. The elastic response of this material can be controlled by changing the cross-linking of the po
Modeling collective motion in non-conservative systems, such as granular materials, is difficult since a general microscopic-to-macroscopic approach is not available: there is no Hamiltonian, no known stationary densities in phase space, not a known
We perform experimental and numerical studies of a granular system under cyclic-compression to investigate reversibility and memory effects. We focus on the quasi-static forcing of dense systems, which is most relevant to a wide range of geophysical,
The mechanical properties of a disordered heterogeneous medium depend, in general, on a complex interplay between multiple length scales. Connecting local interactions to macroscopic observables, such as stiffness or fracture, is thus challenging in
The kinematic flow pattern in slow deformation of a model dense granular medium is studied at high resolution using emph{in situ} imaging, coupled with particle tracking. The deformation configuration is indentation by a flat punch under macroscopic