G-torsors and universal torsors over nonsplit del Pezzo surfaces

Let S be a smooth del Pezzo surface that is defined over a field K and splits over a Galois extension L. Let G be either the split reductive group given by the root system of $S_L$ in Pic $S_L$, or a form of it containing the Neron-Severi torus. Let $mathcal{G}$ be the G-torsor over $S_L$ obtained by extension of structure group from a universal torsor $mathcal{T}$ over $S_L$. We prove that $mathcal{G}$ does not descend to S unless $mathcal{T}$ does. This is in contrast to a result of Friedman and Morgan that such $mathcal{G}$ always descend to singular del Pezzo surfaces over $mathbb{C}$ from their desingularizations.

Presque toute surface K3 contient une infinite dhypersurfaces Levi-plates lineaires

We investigate the construction of real analytic Levi-flat hypersurfaces in K3 surfaces. By taking images of real hyperplanes, one can construct such hypersurfaces in two-dimensional complex tori. We show that almost every K3 surfaces contains infinitely many Levi-flat hypersurfaces of this type. The proof relies mainly on a recent construction of Koike and Uehara, ideas of Verbitsky on ergodic complex structures, as well as an argument due to Ghys in the context of the study of the topology of generic leaves. -- On sinteresse `a la construction dhypersurfaces Levi-plates analytiques relles dans les surfaces K3. On peut en construire dans les tores complexes de dimension 2 en prenant des images dhyperplans reels. On montre que presque toute surface K3 contient une infinite dhypersurfaces Levi-plates de ce type. La preuve repose principalement sur une construction recente due `a Koike-Uehara, ainsi que sur les idees de Verbitsky sur les structures complexes ergodiques et une adaptation dun argument d^u `a Ghys dans le cadre de letude de la topologie des feuilles generiques.

Roundness of the ample cone and existence of double Lagrangian fibrations on hyperkahler manifolds

Let $M$ be a hyperkahler manifold of maximal holonomy (that is, an IHS manifold), and let $K$ be its Kahler cone, which is an open, convex subset in the space $H^{1,1}(M, R)$ of real (1,1)-forms. This space is equipped with a canonical bilinear symmetric form of signature $(1,n)$ obtained as a restriction of the Bogomolov-Beauville-Fujiki form. The set of vectors of positive square in the space of signature $(1,n)$ is a disconnected union of two convex cones. The positive cone is the component which contains the Kahler cone. We say that the Kahler cone is round if it is equal to the positive cone. The manifolds with round Kahler cones have unique bimeromorphic model and correspond to Hausdorff points in the corresponding Teichmuller space. We prove thay any maximal holonomy hyperkahler manifold with $b_2 > 4$ has a deformation with round Kahler cone and the Picard lattice of signature (1,1), admitting two non-collinear integer isotropic classes. This is used to show that all known examples of hyperkahler manifolds admit a deformation with two transversal Lagrangian fibrations, and the Kobayashi metric vanishes unless the Picard rank is maximal.

Landau Discriminants

Scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories have intricate analytic properties as functions of the energies and momenta of the scattered particles. In perturbation theory, their singularities are governed by a set of nonlinear polynomial equations, known as Landau equations, for each individual Feynman diagram. The singularity locus of the associated Feynman integral is made precise with the notion of the Landau discriminant, which characterizes when the Landau equations admit a solution. In order to compute this discriminant, we present approaches from classical elimination theory, as well as a numerical algorithm based on homotopy continuation. These methods allow us to compute Landau discriminants of various Feynman diagrams up to 3 loops, which were previously out of reach. For instance, the Landau discriminant of the envelope diagram is a reducible surface of degree 45 in the three-dimensional space of kinematic invariants. We investigate geometric properties of the Landau discriminant, such as irreducibility, dimension and degree. In particular, we find simple examples in which the Landau discriminant has codimension greater than one. Furthermore, we describe a numerical procedure for determining which parts of the Landau discriminant lie in the physical regions. In order to study degenerate limits of Landau equations and bounds on the degree of the Landau discriminant, we introduce Landau polytopes and study their facet structure. Finally, we provide an efficient numerical algorithm for the computation of the number of master integrals based on the connection to algebraic statistics. The algorithms used in this work are implemented in the open-source Julia package Landau.jl available at https://mathrepo.mis.mpg.de/Landau/.

Modularity and effective Mordell I

We give an effective proof of Faltings theorem for curves mapping to Hilbert modular stacks over odd-degree totally real fields. We do this by giving an effective proof of the Shafarevich conjecture for abelian varieties of $mathrm{GL}_2$-type over an odd-degree totally real field. We deduce for example an effective height bound for $K$-points on the curves $C_a : x^6 + 4y^3 = a^2$ ($ain K^times$) when $K$ is odd-degree totally real. (Over $overline{mathbb{Q}}$ all hyperbolic hyperelliptic curves admit an {e}tale cover dominating $C_1$.)

Perverse sheaves on varieties with large fundamental groups

We conjecture that any perverse sheaf on a compact aspherical Kahler manifold has non-negative Euler characteristic. This extends the Singer-Hopf conjecture in the Kahler setting. We verify the stronger conjecture when the manifold X has non-positive holomorphic bisectional curvature. We also show that the conjecture holds when X is projective and in possession of a faithful semi-simple rigid local system. The first result is proved by expressing the Euler characteristic as an intersection number involving the characteristic cycle, and then using the curvature conditions to deduce non-negativity. For the second result, we have that the local system underlies a complex variation of Hodge structure. We then deduce the desired inequality from the curvature properties of the image of the period map.

Triple covers of K3 surfaces

We study triple covers of K3 surfaces, following Mirandas theory of triple covers. We relate the geometry of the covering surfaces with the properties of both the branch locus and the Tschirnhausen vector bundle. In particular, we classify Galois triple covers computing numerical invariants of the covering surface and of its minimal model. We provide examples of non Galois triple covers, both in the case in which the Tschirnhausen bundle splits into the sum of two line bundles and in the case in which it is an indecomposable rank 2 vector bundle. We provide a criterion to construct rank 2 vector bundles on a K3 surface $S$ which determine a non-Galois triple cover of $S$. The examples presented are in any admissible Kodaira dimension and in particular we provide the constructions of irregular covers of K3 surfaces and of surfaces with geometrical genus equal to 2 whose transcendental Hodge structure splits in the sum of two Hodge structures of K3 type.

Branched SL(r,C)-opers

We define the branched analog of SL(r,C)-opers and investigate their properties. For the usual SL(r,C)-opers, the underlying holomorphic vector bundle is independent of the opers. For the branched SL(r,C)-opers, the underlying holomorphic vector bundle depends on the oper. Given a branched SL(r,C)-oper, we associate to it another holomorphic vector bundle equipped with a logarithmic connection. This holomorphic vector bundle does not depend on the branched oper. We characterize the branched SL(r,C)-opers in terms of the logarithmic connections on this fixed holomorphic vector bundle.

Sets of Special Subvarieties of Bounded Degree

Let $f : X to S$ be a family of smooth projective algebraic varieties over a smooth connected quasi-projective base $S$, and let $mathbb{V} = R^{2k} f_{*} mathbb{Z}(k)$ be the integral variation of Hodge structure coming from degree $2k$ cohomology it induces. Associated to $mathbb{V}$ one has the so-called Hodge locus $textrm{HL}(S) subset S$, which is a countable union of special algebraic subvarieties of $S$ parametrizing those fibres of $mathbb{V}$ possessing extra Hodge tensors (and so conjecturally, those fibres of $f$ possessing extra algebraic cycles). The special subvarieties belong to a larger class of so-called weakly special subvarieties, which are subvarieties of $S$ maximal for their algebraic monodromy groups. For each positive integer $d$, we give an algorithm to compute the set of all weakly special subvarieties $Z subset S$ of degree at most $d$ (with the degree taken relative to a choice of projective compactification $S subset overline{S}$ and very ample line bundle $mathcal{L}$ on $overline{S}$). As a corollary of our algorithm we prove conjectures of Daw-Ren and Daw-Javanpeykar-Kuhne on the finiteness of sets of special and weakly special subvarieties of bounded degree.

Normalization of congruence of bitangents to a hypersurface in $mathbb P^3$

A congruence is a surface in the Grassmannian ${rm Gr}(2, 4)$. In this paper, we consider the normalization of congruence of bitangents to a hypersurface in $mathbb P^3$. We call it the Fano congruence of bitangents. We give a criterion for smoothness of the Fano congruence of bitangents and describe explicitly their degenerations in a general Lefschetz pencil in the space of hypersurfaces in $mathbb P^3$.