The canonical partition function is related to the grand canonical one through the fugacity expansion and is known to have no sign problem. In this paper we perform the fugacity expansion by a method of the hopping parameter expansion in temporal dir
ection for the lattice QCD: winding number expansion. The canonical partition function is constructed for Nf=2 QCD starting from gauge configurations at zero chemical potential. After derivation of the canonical partition function we calculate hadronic observables like chiral condensate and quark number density and the pressure at the real chemical potential.
We present an evaluation of the quark mass renormalization factor for Nf=2+1 QCD. The Schroedinger functional scheme is employed as the intermediate scheme to carry out non-perturbative running from the low energy region, where renormalization of bar
e mass is performed on the lattice, to deep in the high energy perturbative region, where the conversion to the renormalization group invariant mass or the MS-bar scheme is safely carried out. For numerical simulations we adopted the Iwasaki gauge action and non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermion action with the clover term. Seven renormalization scales are used to cover from low to high energy regions and three lattice spacings to take the continuum limit at each scale. The regularization independent step scaling function of the quark mass for the Nf=2+1 QCD is obtained in the continuum limit. Renormalization factors for the pseudo scalar density and the axial vector current are also evaluated for the same action and the bare couplings as two recent large scale Nf=2+1 simulations; previous work of the CP-PACS/JLQCD collaboration, which covered the up-down quark mass range heavier than $m_pisim 500$ MeV and that of PACS-CS collaboration for much lighter quark masses down to $m_pi=155$ MeV. The quark mass renormalization factor is used to renormalize bare PCAC masses in these simulations.
We calculate non-perturbative renormalization factors at hadronic scale for $Delta S=2$ four-quark operators in quenched domain-wall QCD using the Schr{o}dinger functional method. Combining them with the non-perturbative renormalization group running
by the Alpha collaboration, our result yields the fully non-perturbative renormalization factor, which converts the lattice bare $B_K$ to the renormalization group invariant (RGI) $hat{B}_K$. Applying this to the bare $B_K$ previously obtained by the CP-PACS collaboration at $a^{-1}simeq 2, 3, 4$ GeV, we obtain $hat{B}_K=0.782(5)(7)$ (equivalent to $B_K^{bar{rm MS}}({rm NDR}, 2 {rm GeV}) = 0.565(4)(5)$ by 2-loop running) in the continuum limit, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic due to the continuum extrapolation. Except the quenching error, the total error we have achieved is less than 2%, which is much smaller than the previous ones. Taking the same procedure, we obtain $m_{u,d}^{rm RGI}=5.613(66)$ MeV and $m_s^{rm RGI}=147.1(17)$ MeV (equivalent to $m_{u,d}^{bar{rm MS}}(2 {rm GeV})=4.026(48)$ MeV and $m_{s}^{bar{rm MS}}(2 {rm GeV})=105.6(12)$ MeV by 4-loop running) in the continuum limit.
