We investigate the Hamiltonian structure of linearized extended Hov{r}ava- Lifshitz gravity in a flat cosmological background following the Faddeev-Jackiws Hamiltonian reduction formalism. The Hamiltonian structure of extended Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz grav
ity is similar to that of the projectable version of original Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity, in which there is one primary constraint and so there are two physical degrees of freedom. We also find that extra scalar graviton mode in an inflationary background can be decoupled from the matter field in the infrared (IR) limit, but it is coupled to the matter field in a general cosmological background. But it is necessary to go beyond linear order in order to draw any conclusion of the strong coupling problem.
We investigate the linear cosmological perturbations in Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity with a scalar field. Starting from the most general expressions of the metric perturbations as well as that of a canonical scalar field, we decompose the scalar, vecto
r and tensor parts of the perturbed action. By reducing the Hamiltonian, we find that there are two independent degrees of freedom for the tensor perturbations while none for the vector perturbations. For the scalar perturbations, the remaining number of degrees of freedom, which are all gauge invariant, depends on whether the projectable condition is applied or not. For both cases, we lose the time reparametrization symmetry of any kind.
We calculate the spectrum of the relic gravitational wave due to the trans-Planckian effect in which the standard linear dispersion relations may be modified. Of the modified dispersion relations suggested in literatures which have investigated the t
rans-Planckian effect, we especially use the Corley-Jacobson dispersion relations. The Corley-Jacobson type modified dispersion relations can be obtained from Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity which is non-relativistic and UV complete. Although it is not clear how the transitions from Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity in the UV regime to Einstein gravity in the IR limit occur, we assume Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity regime is followed by the inflationary phase in Einstein gravity.
We have investigated if the vector field can give rise to an accelerating phase in the early universe. We consider a timelike vector field with a general quadratic kinetic term in order to preserve an isotropic background spacetime. The vector field
potential is required to satisfy the three minimal conditions for successful inflation: i) $rho>0$, ii) $rho+3P < 0$ and iii) the slow-roll conditions. As an example, we consider the massive vector potential and small field type potential as like in scalar driven inflation.
We study the dynamics of a timelike vector field which violates Lorentz invariance when the background spacetime is in an accelerating phase in the early universe. It is shown that a timelike vector field is difficult to realize an inflationary phase
, so we investigate the evolution of a vector field within a scalar field driven inflation model. And we calculate the power spectrum of the vector field without considering the metric perturbations. While the time component of the vector field perturbations provides a scale invariant spectrum when $xi = 0$, where $xi$ is a nonminimal coupling parameter, both the longitudinal and transverse perturbations give a scale invariant spectrum when $xi = 1/6$.
We study the quantum remnant of a scalar field protected by the uncertainty principle. The quantum remnant that survived the later stage of evolution of the universe may provide dark energy and dark matter depending on the potential. Though the quant
um remnant shares some useful property of complex scalar field (spintessence) dark energy model, % However although it avoids the formation of Q-ball, quantum fluctuations are still unstable to the linear perturbations for $V sim phi^q$ with $q<1$ as in the spintessence model.
Non-commutativity of spacetime at the Planck scale may deform the usual dispersion relations. And these deformed dispersion relations could lead to the accelerating phase without a scalar field. In this paper, we have calculated the spectral index an
d the running of spectral index in a non-commutative inflation model. Non-commutative inflation with thermal radiation gives a scale invariant spectrum in the limit $w to -1$ and negative running spectral index which are consistent with the WMAP 3-year results.
We consider the non-commutative inflation model of [3] in which it is the unconventional dispersion relation for regular radiation which drives the accelerated expansion of space. In this model, we study the evolution of linear cosmological perturbat
ions through the transition between the phase of accelerated expansion and the regular radiation-dominated phase of Standard Cosmology, the transition which is analogous to the reheating period in scalar field-driven models of inflation. If matter consists of only a single non-commutative radiation fluid, then the curvature perturbations are constant on super-Hubble scales. On the other hand, if we include additional matter fields which oscillate during the transition period, e.g. scalar moduli fields, then there can be parametric amplification of the amplitude of the curvature perturbations. We demonstrate this explicitly by numerically solving the full system of perturbation equations in the case where matter consists of both the non-commutative radiation field and a light scalar field which undergoes oscillations. Our model is an example where the parametric resonance of the curvature fluctuations is driven by the oscillations not of the inflaton field, but of the entropy mode
