In the present paper we consider neutrino events due to quasi-elastic scattering (QEL) as the most reliable events among various candidate events to be analyzed, and have carried out the first step of an L/E analysis which aims to confirm the surviva
l probability with a Numerical Computer Experiment. The most important factor in the survival probability is Lnu and Enu, but this cannot be measured for such neutral particles. Instead, Lmu and Emu is utilized in the L/E analysis, where Lnu, Lmu, Enu and Emu denote the flight path lengths of the incident neutrinos, those of the emitted leptons, the energies of the incident neutrinos and those of the emitted leptons, respectively. According to our Computer Numerical Experiment, the relation of Lnu/Enu is nearly equal to Lmu/Emu doesnt hold. In subsequent papers, we show the results on an L/E analysis with the Computer Numerical Experiment based on our results obtained in the present paper.
In the previous paper (Part1), we have verified that the SK assumption on the direction does not hold in the analysis of neutrino events occurred inside the SK detector, which is the cornerstone for their analysis of zenith angle distributions of neu
trino events. Based on the correlation between L_nu and L_mu (Figures~16 to 18 in Part1) and the correlation between E_nu and E_mu (Figure19 in Part1), we have made four possible L/E analyses, namely L_nu/E_nu, L_nu/E_mu, L_mu/E_mu and L_mu/E_nu. Among four kinds of L/E analyses, we have shown that only L_nu/E_nu analysis can give the signature of maximum oscillations clearly, not only the first maximum oscillation but also the second and third maximum oscillation and etc., as they should be, while the L_mu/E_mu analysis which are really done by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration cannot give any maximum oscillation at all. It is thus concluded from those results that the experiments with the use of the cosmic-ray beam for neutrino oscillation, such as Super-Kamiokande type experiment, are unable to lead the maximum oscillation from their L/E analysis, because the incident neutrino cannot be observed due to its neutrality. Therefore, we would suggest Super-Kamiokande Collaboration to re-analyze the zenith angle distribution of the neutrino events which occur inside the detector carefully, since L_nu and L_mu are alternative expressions of the cosine of the zenith angle for the incident neutrino and that for the emitted muon, respectively.
It should be regarded that the confirmation of the maximum oscillation in neutrino oscillation through L/E analysis by Super-Kamiokande is a logical consequence of their establishment on the existence of neutrino oscillation through the analysis of t
he zenith angle distribution for atmospheric neutrino events. In the present paper (Part1) with the computer numerical experiment, we examine the assumption made by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration that the direction of the incident neutrino is approximately the same as that of the produced lepton, which is the cornerstone in their L/E analysis, and we find this approximation does not hold even approximately. In a subsequent paper (Part2), we apply the results from Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19 to L/E analysis and conclude that one cannot obtain the maximum oscillation in L/E analysis in the single ring muon events due to quasi-elastic scattering reported by Super-Kamiokande which shows strongly the oscillation pattern from the neutrino oscillation.
In the previous paper (Part~1), we have verified that the SK assumption on the direction does not hold in the analysis of neutrino events occurred inside the SK detector. We have made four possible L/E analyses, L_nu/E_nu, L_nu/E_mu, L_mu/E_nu and L_
mu/E_mu. Among four kinds of L/E analyses, we have shown that only L_nu/E_nu analysis can give the signature of maximum oscillations clearly, while the L_mu/E_mu analysis which are really done by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration cannot give the maximum oscillation at all. It is thus concluded that Super-Kamiokande type experiment cannot find the maximum oscillation from L/E analysis. Therefore, we would suggest Super-Kamiokande Collaboration to re-analyze the zenith angle distribution of the neutrino events which occur inside the detector carefully.
It is said that the finding of the maximum oscillation in neutrino oscillation by Super-Kamiokande is one of the major achievements of the SK. In present paper, we examine the assumption made by Super-Kamiokande Collaboration that the direction of th
e incident neutrino is approximately the same as that of the produced lepton, which is the cornerstone in their L/E analysis and we find this approximation does not hold even approximately. In the Part 2 of the subsequent paper, we apply the results from Figures 12, 13 and 14 to L/E analysis and conclude that one cannot obtain the maximum oscillation in L/E analysis which shows strongly the oscillation pattern from the neutrino oscillation.
Following the L_nu/E_nu analysis in the preceding paper of the Fully Contained Muon Events resulting from the quasi-elastic scattering obtained from our numerical computer experiment. In the present paper, we carry out the analyses of L_nu/E_mu, L_mu
/E_nu and L_mu/E_mu among four possible combinations of L and E. As the result of it, we show that we can not find the characteristis of maximum oscillation for neutrino oscillation among two of three, L_mu/E_mu and L_mu/E_nu. Only the L_nu/E_mu distribution can show something like maximum oscillation, however it cannot be detected owing to the neutral character of L_nu. It is concluded that the Super-Kamiokande Experiment could not have found the existence of the maximum oscillation for neutrino oscillation.
By referring to the procedures developed in the preceeding paper, we re-analyze the L/E distribution for Fully Contained Events resulting from quasi-elatic scattering (QEL) obtained from the Super-Kamiokande Experiment in relation to their assumption
that the direction of the incident neutrino coincide with that of the produced leptons. As the result of it, we clarify that they do not measure L_nu/E_nu distribution itself, but L_mu/E_nu distribution, which cannot show the maximum oscillation existed in the original L_nu/E_nu distribution, because L_nu could not be approximated by L_mu due to the backscattering effect and the azimuthal angle effect in QEL.
Super-Kamiokande collaboration assumes that the direction of every observed lepton coincides with the incoming direction of the incident neutrino, which is the fundamental basement throughout all their analysis on neutrino oscillation. We examine whe
ther this assumption to explain the experimental results on neutrino oscillation is theoretically acceptable. Treating every physical process concerned stochastically, we have examined if this assumption just cited is acceptable. As the result of it, we have shown that this assumption does not hold even if statistically.
We develop a new discrimination procedure for separating electron neutrinos from muon neutrinos, based on detailed simulations carried out with GEANT3.21 and with mean angular distribution functions and their relative fluctuations. Using our procedur
e we are able to discriminate muons from electrons in Fully Contained Events in Super-Kamioknade Experiment with a probability of error ofless than several %. Also we have checked geometrical resolution on both cases, considering only the ring-like structure of the Cherenkov image and a geometrical reconstruction procedure utilizing the full distribution. Even the methodologically correct approach we have adopted, we cannot reproduce the accuracies for particle discrimination, momentum resolution, interaction vertex location, and angular resolution obtained by the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration.
In the SK analysis of the neutrino events for [Fully Contained Events] and [Partially Contained Events] on their zenith angle distribution, it is assumed that the zenith angle of the incident neutrino is the same as that of the detected charged lepto
n. In the present paper, we examine the validity of [the SK assumption on the direction] of the incident neutrinos. Concretely speaking, we analyze muon-like events due to QEL. For the purpose, we develop [Time Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation] to extract the conclusion on the validity of the SK assumption. In our [Time Sequential Simulation], we simulate every physical process concerned as exactly as possible without any approximation. From the comparison between the zenith angle distributon of the emitted muons under [the SK assumption on the direction] and the corresponding one obtained under our [Time Sequential Simulation], it is concluded that the measurement of the direction of the incident neutrino for the neutrino events occurring inside the detector in the SK analysis turns out to be unreliable, which holds irrespective of the existence and/or non-existence of the neutrino oscillation.
