This article is a report of 25 years of Cosmic Microwave Background activities at INPE. Starting from balloon flights to measure the dipole anisotropy caused by the Earths motion inside the CMB radiation field, whose radiometer was a prototype of the
DMR radiometer on board COBE satellite, member of the group cross the 90s working both on CMB anisotropy and foreground measurements. In the 2000s, there was a shift to polarization measurements and to data analysis, mostly focusing on map cleaning, non-gaussianity studies and foreground characterization.
The COsmic Foreground Explorer (COFE) is a balloon-borne microwave polarime- ter designed to measure the low-frequency and low-l characteristics of dominant diffuse polarized foregrounds. Short duration balloon flights from the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres will allow the telescope to cover up to 80% of the sky with an expected sensitivity per pixel better than 100 $mu K / deg^2$ from 10 GHz to 20 GHz. This is an important effort toward characterizing the polarized foregrounds for future CMB experiments, in particular the ones that aim to detect primordial gravity wave signatures in the CMB polarization angular power spectrum.
