A wide-band current preamplifier based on a composite operational amplifier is proposed. It has been shown that the bandwidth of the preamplifier can be significantly increased by enhancing the effective open-loop gain of the composite preamplifier.
The described preamplifier with current gain 10$^7$ V/A showed the bandwidth of about 100 kHz with 1 nF input shunt capacitance. The current noise of the amplifier was measured to be about 46 fA/$sqrt{rm Hz}$ at 1 kHz, close to the design noise minimum. The voltage noise was found to be about 2.9 nV/$sqrt{rm Hz}$ at 1 kHz, which is in a good agreement with the value expected for the operational amplifier used in the input stage. By analysing the total noise produced by the preamplifier we found the optimal frequency range suitable for the fast lock-in measurements to be from 1 kHz to 2 kHz. To get the same signal-to-noise ratio, the reported preamplifier requires roughly 10% of the integration time used in measurements made with a conventional preamplifier.
A consistent approach in forming the 0.7 structure by using a quantum dot rather than a quantum point contact is demonstrated. With this scheme, it was possible to tune on and off the 0.7 structure. The 0.7 structure continuously evolved into a norma
l integer conductance plateau by varying the tuning condition. Unlike the conventional 0.7 plateau, the new 0.7 structure was observed even at low electron temperatures down to 100 mK, with unprecedented flatness. From our results, it is concluded that electron interference should be taken into consideration to explain the 0.7 structure.
