We present the results of a novel Mossbauer experiment in a rotating system, implemented recently in Istanbul University, which yields the coefficient k=0.69+/-0.02 within the frame of the expression for the relative energy shift between emission and
absorption lines dE/E=ku2/c2. This result turned out to be in a quantitative agreement with an experiment achieved earlier on the subject matter (A.L. Kholmetskii et al. 2009 Phys. Scr. 79 065007), and once again strongly pointed to the inequality k>0.5, revealed originally in (A.L. Kholmetskii et al. 2008 Phys. Scr. 77, 035302 (2008)) via the re-analysis of Kundig experiment (W. Kundig. Phys. Rev. 129, 2371 (1963)). A possible explanation of the deviation of the coefficient k from the relativistic prediction k=0.5 is discussed.
We consider the Einstein equation, where the common electromagnetic energy momentum tensor is replaced by its generalized equivalent as suggested in our earlier paper (A.L. Kholmetskii et al. Phys. Scr. 83, 055406 (2011)). Now we show that with this
new electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor, the scalar curvature at the location of charges is significantly altered in comparison with the common result, and it even may change its sign. Some implications of the obtained results are discussed.
This paper continues the analysis of bound quantum systems started in (T. Yarman, A.L. Kholmetskii and O.V. Missevitch. Going from classical to quantum description of bound charged particles. Part 1: basic concepts and assertions), based on a novel a
pproach, involving the requirement of energy-momentum conservation for the bound electromagnetic (EM) field, when the EM radiation is forbidden. It has been shown that the modified expression for the energy levels of hydrogenic atoms within such a pure bound field theory (PBFT) provides the same gross and fine structure of energy levels, like in the standard theory. At the scale of hyperfine interactions our approach, in general, evokes important corrections to the energy levels. Part of such corrections, like the spin-spin splitting in hydrogen, is less than the present theoretical uncertainty in the evaluation of hyperfine contributions into the atomic levels. But the most interesting result is the appearance of a number of significant corrections, which improve the convergence between theory and experiment. In particular, the corrected 1S-2S interval and 1S spin-spin splitting in positronium reduce the existing up to date discrepancy between theoretical and experimental data. The re-estimated classic 2S-2P Lamb shift in the hydrogen atom lead to the proton charge radius rp=0.841(6) fm, which perfectly agrees with the latest estimation of proton size via the measurement of 2S-2P Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen, i.e. rp=0.84184(67) fm.
In this paper we analyze again a transition from the classical to quantum description of bound charged particles, which involves a substantial modification of the structure of their electromagnetic (EM) fields related to the well-known fact that boun
d micro-particles do not radiate in sta-tionary energy states. We show that a simple exclusion of the radiative component of EM field produced by bound particles leads to a violation of the energy-momentum conservation law, if the non-radiative EM field is left unmodified. In order to restore the energy-momentum conservation, we make a closer look at the interaction of two hypothetical classical charges with the prohibited radiation component of their EM field and bring the appropriate modifications in the structure of their bound EM field and, accordingly, in the Hamilton function of this system. In comparison with the common Hamilton function for the one-body problem, the electric interaction energy is multiplied by the Lorentz factor of orbiting charged particle, and its rest mass m is replaced by an effective rest mass parameter, which includes the interaction EM energy. We introduce, as a novel postulate, these replacements into the Dirac equation for the bound electron and show that the solution of the modified Dirac Coulomb equation gives the same gross and fine structure of energy levels, as the one furnished by the conventional approach, for hydrogen-like atoms. The correction to spin-spin splitting of 1S state of hydrogen and heavier atoms is much smaller than nuclear structure contribution and can be ignored. However, as discussed in the part 2 of this paper, our approach does induce corrections to the energy levels at the scale of hyperfine interactions, which at once remove a number of long-standing discrepancies between theory and experiment in the atomic physics.
