Determining the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy with INO, T2K, NOvA and Reactor Experiments

The relatively large measured value of $theta_{13}$ has opened up the possibility of determining the neutrino mass hierarchy through earth matter effects. Amongst the current accelerator-based experiments only NOvA has a long enough baseline to observe earth matter effects. However, NOvA is plagued with uncertainty on the knowledge of the true value of $delta_{CP}$, and this could drastically reduce its sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy. The earth matter effect on atmospheric neutrinos on the other hand is almost independent of $delta_{CP}$. The 50 kton magnetized Iron CALorimeter at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (ICAL@INO) will be observing atmospheric neutrinos. The charge identification capability of this detector gives it an edge over others for mass hierarchy determination through observation of earth matter effects. We study in detail the neutrino mass hierarchy sensitivity of the data from this experiment simulated using the Nuance based generator developed for ICAL@INO and folded with the detector resolutions and efficiencies obtained by the INO collaboration from a full Geant4-based detector simulation. The data from ICAL@INO is then combined with simulated data from T2K, NOvA, Double Chooz, RENO and Daya Bay experiments and a combined sensitivity study to the mass hierarchy is performed. With 10 years of ICAL@INO data combined with T2K, NOvA and reactor data, one could get about $2.3sigma-5.7sigma$ discovery of the neutrino mass hierarchy, depending on the true value of $sin^2theta_{23}$ [0.4 -- 0.6], $sin^22theta_{13}$ [0.08 -- 0.12] and $delta_{CP}$ [0 -- 2$pi$].

Probing Seesaw in an Adjoint SUSY SU(5) Model at LHC

The SU(5) GUT model extended with fermions in the adjoint $24_F$ representation predicts triplet fermions in the 100 GeV mass range, opening up the possibility of testing seesaw at LHC. However, once the model is supersymmerized, the triplet fermion mass is constrained to be close to the GUT scale for the gauge couplings to unify. We propose an extension of the SUSY SU(5) model where type II seesaw can be tested at LHC. In this model we add a matter chiral field in the adjoint $hat{24}_F$ representation and Higgs chiral superfields in the symmetric $hat{15}_H$ and $hat{bar{15}}_H$ representations. We call this the symmetric adjoint SUSY SU(5) model. The triplet scalar and triplet fermion masses in this model are predicted to be in the 100 GeV and $10^{13}$ GeV range respectively, while the mass of the singlet fermion remains unconstrained. This gives a type I plus type II plus type III seesaw mass term for the neutrinos. The triplet scalars with masses $sim 100$ GeV range can be produced at the LHC. We briefly discuss the collider phenomenology and predictions for proton decay in this model.

Two Higgs Doublet Type III Seesaw with mu-tau symmetry at LHC

We propose a two Higgs doublet Type III seesaw model with $mu$-$tau$ flavor symmetry. We add an additional SU(2) Higgs doublet and three SU(2) fermion triplets in our model. The presence of two Higgs doublets allows for natural explanation of small neutrino masses with triplet fermions in the 100 GeV mass range, without fine tuning of the Yukawa couplings to extremely small values. The triplet fermions couple to the gauge bosons and can be thus produced at the LHC. We study in detail the effective cross-sections for the production and subsequent decays of these heavy exotic fermions. We show for the first time that the $mu$-$tau$ flavor symmetry in the low energy neutrino mass matrix results in mixing matrices for the neutral and charged heavy fermions that are not unity and which carry the flavor symmetry pattern. This flavor structure can be observed in the decays of the heavy fermions at LHC. The large Yukawa couplings in our model result in the decay of the heavy fermions into lighter leptons and Higgs with a decay rate which is about $10^{11}$ times larger than what is expected for the one Higgs Type III seesaw model with 100 GeV triplet fermions. The smallness of neutrino masses constrains the neutral Higgs mixing angle $sinalpha$ in our model in such a way that the heavy fermions decay into the lighter neutral CP even Higgs $h^0$, CP odd Higgs $A^0$ and the charged Higgs $H^pm$, but almost never to the heavier neutral CP even Higgs $H^0$. The small value for $sinalpha$ also results in a very long lifetime for $h^0$. This displaced decay vertex should be visible at LHC. We provide an exhaustive list of collider signature channels for our model and identify those that have very large effective cross-sections at LHC and almost no standard model background.

Phenomenological consequences of four zero neutrino Yukawa textures

For type I seesaw and in the basis where the charged lepton and heavy right-handed neutrino mass matrices are real and diagonal, four has been shown to be the maximum number of zeros allowed in the neutrino Yukawa coupling matrix $Y_ u$. These four zero textures have been classified into two distinct categories. We investigate certain phenomenological consequences of these textures within a supersymmetric framework. This is done by using conditions implied on elements of the neutrino Majorana mass matrix for textures of each category in $Y_ u$. These conditions turn out to be stable under radiative corrections. Including the effective mass, which appears in neutrinoless double beta decay, along with the usual neutrino masses, mixing angles and phases, it is shown analytically and through scatter plots how restricted regions in the seesaw parameter space are selected by these conditions. We also make consequential statements on the yet unobserved radiative lepton flavor violating decays such as $mu to e gamma$. All these decay amplitudes are proportional to the moduli of entries of the neutrino Majorana mass matrix. We also show under which conditions the low energy CP violation, showing up in neutrino oscillations, is directly linked to the CP violation required for producing successful flavor dependent and flavor independent lepton asymmetries during leptogenesis.

Exceptional Sensitivity to Neutrino Parameters with a Two Baseline Beta-Beam Set-up

We examine the reach of a Beta-beam experiment with two detectors at carefully chosen baselines for exploring neutrino mass parameters. Locating the source at CERN, the two detectors and baselines are: (a) a 50 kton iron calorimeter (ICAL) at a baseline of around 7150 km which is roughly the magic baseline, e.g., ICAL@INO, and (b) a 50 kton Totally Active Scintillator Detector at a distance of 730 km, e.g., at Gran Sasso. We choose 8B/8Li source ions with a boost factor gamma of 650 for the magic baseline while for the closer detector we consider 18Ne/6He ions with a range of Lorentz boosts. We find that the locations of the two detectors complement each other leading to an exceptional high sensitivity. With gamma=650 for 8B/8Li and gamma=575 for 18Ne/6He and total luminosity corresponding to 5times (1.1 times 10^{18}) and 5times (2.9times 10^{18}) useful ion decays in neutrino and antineutrino modes respectively, we find that our two detector set-up can probe maximal CP violation and establish the neutrino mass ordering if sin^22theta_{13} is 1.4times 10^{-4} and 2.7times 10^{-4}, respectively, or more. The sensitivity reach for sin^22theta_{13} itself is 5.5 times 10^{-4}. With a factor of 10 higher luminosity, the corresponding sin^22theta_{13} reach of this set-up would be 1.8times 10^{-5}, 4.6times 10^{-5} and 5.3times 10^{-5} respectively for the above three performance indicators. CP violation can be discovered for 64% of the possible delta_{CP} values for sin^22theta_{13} geq 10^{-3} (geq 8times 10^{-5}), for the standard luminosity (10 times enhanced luminosity). Comparable physics performance can be achieved in a set-up where data from CERN to INO@ICAL is combined with that from CERN to the Boulby mine in United Kingdom, a baseline of 1050 km.

Neutrino Oscillation Parameters After High Statistics KamLAND Results

We do a re-analysis to asses the impact of the results of the Borexino experiment and the recent 2.8 KTy KamLAND data on the solar neutrino oscillation parameters. The current Borexino results are found to have no impact on the allowed solar neutrino parameter space. The new KamLAND data causes a significant reduction of the allowed range of $Delta m^2_{21}$, determining it with an unprecedented precision of 8.3% at 3$sigma$. The precision of $Delta m^2_{21}$ is controlled practically by the KamLAND data alone. Inclusion of new KamLAND results also improves the upper bound on $sin^2theta_{12}$, but the precision of this parameter continues to be controlled by the solar data. The third mixing angle is constrained to be $sin^2theta_{13} < 0.063$ at $3sigma$ from a combined fit to the solar, KamLAND, atmospheric and CHOOZ results. We also address the issue of how much further reduction of allowed range of $Delta m^2_{21}$ and $sin^2theta_{12}$ is possible with increased statistics from KamLAND. We find that there is a sharp reduction of the $3sigma$ ``spread with enhanced statistics till about 10 KTy after which the spread tends to flatten out reaching to less than 4% with 15 KTy data. For $sin^2theta_{12}$ however, the spread is more than 25% even after 20 KTy exposure and assuming $theta_{12} < pi/4$, as dictated by the solar data. We show that with a KamLAND like reactor ``SPMIN experiment at a distance of $sim$ 60 km, the spread of $sin^2theta_{12}$ could be reduced to about 5% at $3sigma$ level while $Delta m_{21}^2$ could be determined to within 4%, with just 3 KTy exposure.

On Probing theta_{23} in Neutrino Telescopes

Among all neutrino mixing parameters, the atmospheric neutrino mixing angle theta_{23} introduces the strongest variation on the flux ratios of ultra high energy neutrinos. We investigate the potential of these flux ratio measurements at neutrino telescopes to constrain theta_{23}. We consider astrophysical neutrinos originating from pion, muon-damped and neutron sources and make a comparative study of their sensitivity reach to theta_{23}. It is found that neutron sources are most favorable for testing deviations from maximal theta_{23}. Using a chi^2 analysis, we show in particular the power of combining (i) different flux ratios from the same type of source, and also (ii) combining flux ratios from different astrophysical sources. We include in our analysis ``impure sources, i.e., deviations from the usually assumed initial (1 : 2 : 0), (0 : 1 : 0) or (1 : 0 : 0) flux compositions.

Physics with Beta-Beam

A Beta-beam would be a high intensity source of pure $ u_e$ and/or $bar u_e$ flux with known spectrum, ideal for precision measurements. Myriad of possible set-ups with suitable choices of baselines, detectors and the beta-beam neutrino source with desired energies have been put forth in the literature. In this talk we present a comparitive discussion of the physics reach of a few such experimental set-ups.