Most of the peers accessing the services are under the assumption that the service accessed in a P2P network is utmost secured. By means of prevailing hard security mechanisms, security goals like authentication, authorization, privacy, non repudiati
on of services and other hard security issues are resolved. But these mechanisms fail to provide soft security. An exhaustive survey of existing trust and reputation models in P2P network regarding service provisioning is presented and challenges are listed.p2p Trust issues like trust bootstrapping, trust evidence procurement, trust assessment, trust interaction outcome evaluation and other trust based classification of peers behaviour into trusted, inconsistent, un trusted, malicious, betraying, redemptive are discussed.
Reliable effort estimation remains an ongoing challenge to software engineers. Accurate effort estimation is the state of art of software engineering, effort estimation of software is the preliminary phase between the client and the business enterpri
se. The relationship between the client and the business enterprise begins with the estimation of the software. The credibility of the client to the business enterprise increases with the accurate estimation. Effort estimation often requires generalizing from a small number of historical projects. Generalization from such limited experience is an inherently under constrained problem. Accurate estimation is a complex process because it can be visualized as software effort prediction, as the term indicates prediction never becomes an actual. This work follows the basics of the empirical software effort estimation models. The goal of this paper is to study the empirical software effort estimation. The primary conclusion is that no single technique is best for all situations, and that a careful comparison of the results of several approaches is most likely to produce realistic estimates.
