HERA data on diffractive DIS show deviations from twist 2 DGLAP predictions below $Q^2sim 5$ GeV$^2$ at low pomeron $xi$, which may reach up to 100%. These deviations are consistent with higher twists effects extracted from the saturation model. It i
s a first direct evidence for the higher twists in DIS. This finding affects determination of the diffractive parton densities that are used for the predictions at the LHC.
We study a twist decomposition of diffractive structure functions in the diffractive deep inelastic scattering (DDIS) at HERA. At low Q2 and at large energy the data exhibit a strong excess, up to about 100%, above the twist 2 NLO DGLAP description.
The excess in consistent with higher twist effects. It is found, that complementing the DGLAP fit by twist 4 and 6 components of the GBW saturation model leads to a good description of data at low Q2. We conclude that the DDIS at HERA provides the first, strong evidence of higher twist effects in DIS.
We consider Andreev reflection in a two dimensional junction between a normal metal and a heavy fermion superconductor in the Fulde-Ferrell (FF) type of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. We assume s-wave symmetry of the superconducti
ng gap. The parameters of the superconductor: the gap magnitude, the chemical potential, and the Cooper pair center-of-mass momentum Q, are all determined self-consistently within a mean-field (BCS) scheme. The Cooper pair momentum Q is chosen as perpendicular to the junction interface. We calculate the junction conductance for a series of barrier strengths. In the case of incoming electron with spin sigma = 1 only for magnetic fields close to the upper critical field H_{c2}, we obtain the so-called Andreev window i.e. the energy interval in which the reflection probability is maximal, which in turn is indicated by a peak in the conductance. The last result differs with other non-self-consistent calculations existing in the literature.
