The Hurst exponent of very long birth time series in Romania has been extracted from official daily records, i.e. over 97 years between 1905 and 2001 included. The series result from distinguishing between families located in urban (U) or rural (R) a
reas, and belonging (Ox) or not (NOx) to the orthodox religion. Four time series combining both criteria, (U,R) and (Ox, NOx), are also examined. A statistical information is given on these sub-populations measuring their XX-th century state as a snapshot. However, the main goal is to investigate whether the daily production of babies is purely noisy or is fluctuating according to some non trivial fractional Brownian motion, - in the four types of populations, characterized by either their habitat or their religious attitude, yet living within the same political regime. One of the goals was also to find whether combined criteria implied a different behavior. Moreover, we wish to observe whether some seasonal periodicity exists. The detrended fluctuation analysis technique is used for finding the fractal correlation dimension of such (9) signals. It has been first necessary, due to two periodic tendencies, to define the range regime in which the Hurst exponent is meaningfully defined. It results that the birth of babies in all cases is a very strongly persistent signal. It is found that the signal fractal correlation dimension is weaker (i) for NOx than for Ox, and (ii) or U with respect to R. Moreover, it is observed that the combination of U or R with NOx or OX enhances the UNOx, UOx, and ROx fluctuations, but smoothens the RNOx signal, thereby suggesting a stronger conditioning on religiosity rituals or rules.
Long birth time series for Romania are investigated from Benfords law point of view, distinguishing between families with a religious (Orthodox and Non-Orthodox) affiliation. The data extend from Jan. 01, 1905 till Dec. 31, 2001, i.e. over 97 years o
r 35 429 days. The results point to a drastic breakdown of Benfords law. Some interpretation is proposed, based on the statistical aspects due to population sizes, rather than on human thought constraints when the law breakdown is usually expected. Benfords law breakdown clearly points to natural causes.
We study the primacy in the Bulgarian urban system. Two groups of cities are studied: (i) the whole Bulgaria city system that contains about 250 cities and is studied in the time interval between 2004 and 2011; and (ii) A system of 33 cities, studied
over the time interval 1887 till 2010. For these cities the 1946 population was over $10 000$ inhabitants. The notion of primacy in the two systems of cities is studied first from the global primacy index of Sheppard [$^1$]. Several (new) additional indices are introduced in order to compensate defects in the Sheppard index. Numerical illustrations are illuminating through the so called length ratio.
(shortened version) Religions and languages are social variables, like age, sex, wealth or political opinions, to be studied like any other organizational parameter. In fact, religiosity is one of the most important sociological aspects of population
s. Languages are also a characteristics of the human kind. New religions, new languages appear though others disappear. All religions and languages evolve when they adapt to the society developments. On the other hand, the number of adherents of a given religion, the number of persons speaking a language is not fixed. Several questions can be raised. E.g. from a macroscopic point of view : How many religions/languages exist at a given time? What is their distribution? What is their life time? How do they evolve?. From a microscopic view point: can one invent agent based models to describe macroscopic aspects? Does it exist simple evolution equations? It is intuitively accepted, but also found through from statistical analysis of the frequency distribution that an attachment process is the primary cause of the distribution evolution : usually the initial religion/language is that of the mother. Later on, changes can occur either due to heterogeneous agent interaction processes or due to external field constraints, - or both. Such cases can be illustrated with historical facts and data. It is stressed that characteristic time scales are different, and recalled that external fields are very relevant in the case of religions, rending the study more interesting within a mechanistic approach
We report on microwave measurements on DyBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-rmdelta}$ monodomains grown by the top-seeded melt-textured technique. We measured the field increase of the surface resistance $R_{rm s}(H)$ in the a-b plane at 48.3 GHz. Measurements were p
erformed at fixed temperatures in the range 70 K - $T_{rm c}$ with a static magnetic field $mu_0H<0.8$ T parallel to the c-axis. Low field steep increase of the dissipation, typical signature of the presence of weak links, is absent, thus indicating the single-domain behaviour of the sample under study. The magnetic field dependence of $R_{rm s}(H)$ is ascribed to the dissipation caused by vortex motion. The analysis of $X_{rm s}(H)$ points to a free-flow regime, thus allowing to obtain the vortex viscosity as a function of temperature. We compare the results with those obtained on RE-BCO systems. In particular, we consider strongly pinned films of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-rmdelta}$ with nanometric BaZrO$_3$ inclusions.
Among topics of opinion formation it is of interest to observe the characteristics of networks with a priori distinct communities. As an illustration, we report on the citation network(s) unfolded in the recent decades through web available works bel
onging to selected members of the Neocreationist and Intelligent Design Proponents (IDP) and the Darwinian Evolution Defenders (DED) communities. An adjacency matrix of tagged nodes is first constructed; it is not symmetric. A generalization of considerations pertaining to the case of networks with biased links, directed or undirected, is thus presented. The main characteristic coefficients describing the structure of such partially directed networks with tagged nodes are outlined. The structural features are discussed searching for statistical aspects, equivalence or not of subnetworks through the degree distributions, each network assortativity, the global and local clustering coefficients and the Average Overlap Indices. The various closed and open triangles made from nodes, moreover distinguishing the community, are especially listed to calculate the clustering characteristics. The distribution of elements in the rectangular submatrices are specially examined since they represent inter-community connexions. The emphasis being on distinguishing the number of vertices belonging to a given community. Using such informations one can distinguish between opinion leaders, followers and main rivals and briefly interpret their relationships through psychological-like conditions intrinsic to behavior rules in either community. Considerations on other controversy cases with similar social constraints are outlined, as well as suggestions on further, more general, work deduced from our observations on such networks.
Social impacts and degrees of organization inherent to opinion formation for interacting agents on networks present interesting questions of general interest from physics to sociology. We present a quantitative analysis of a case implying an evolving
small size network, i.e. that inherent to the ongoing debate between modern creationists (most are Intelligent Design (ID) proponents (IDP)) and Darwins theory of Evolution Defenders (DED)). This study is carried out by analyzing the structural properties of the citation network unfolded in the recent decades by publishing works belonging to members of the two communities. With the aim of capturing the dynamical aspects of the interaction between the IDP and DED groups, we focus on $two$ key quantities, namely, the {it degree of activity} of each group and the corresponding {it degree of impact} on the intellectual community at large. A representative measure of the former is provided by the {it rate of production of publications} (RPP), whilst the latter can be assimilated to the{it rate of increase in citations} (RIC). These quantities are determined, respectively, by the slope of the time series obtained for the number of publications accumulated per year and by the slope of a similar time series obtained for the corresponding citations. The results indicate that in this case, the dynamics can be seen as geared by triggered or damped competition. The network is a specific example of marked heterogeneity in exchange of information activity in and between the communities, particularly demonstrated through the nodes having a high connectivity degree, i.e. opinion leaders.
We present a microwave characterization of a DyBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-x}$ single domain, grown by the top-seeded melt-textured technique. We report the (a,b) plane field-induced surface resistance, $Delta R_s(H)$, at 48.3 GHz, measured by means of a c
ylindrical metal cavity in the end-wall-replacement configuration. Changes in the cavity quality factor Q against the applied magnetic field yield $Delta R_s(H)$ at fixed temperatures. The temperature range [70 K ; T_c] was explored. The magnetic field $mu_0 H <$ 0.8 T was applied along the c axis. The field dependence of $Delta R_s(H)$ does not exhibit the steep, step-like increase at low fields typical of weak-links. This result indicates the single-domain character of the sample under investigation. $Delta R_s(H)$ exhibits a nearly square-root dependence on H, as expected for fluxon motion. From the analysis of the data in terms of motion of Abrikosov vortices we estimate the temperature dependences of the London penetration depth $lambda$ and the vortex viscosity $eta$, and their zero-temperature values $lambda(0)=$165 nm and $eta(0)=$ 3 10$^{-7}$ Nsm$^{-2}$, which are found in excellent agreement with reported data in YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-x}$ single crystals. Comparison of microwave properties with those of related samples indicate the need for reporting data as a function of T/T_c in order to obtain universal laws.
A comparison of two english texts from Lewis Carroll, one (Alice in wonderland), also translated into esperanto, the other (Through a looking glass) are discussed in order to observe whether natural and artificial languages significantly differ from
each other. One dimensional time series like signals are constructed using only word frequencies (FTS) or word lengths (LTS). The data is studied through (i) a Zipf method for sorting out correlations in the FTS and (ii) a Grassberger-Procaccia (GP) technique based method for finding correlations in LTS. Features are compared : different power laws are observed with characteristic exponents for the ranking properties, and the {it phase space attractor dimensionality}. The Zipf exponent can take values much less than unity ($ca.$ 0.50 or 0.30) depending on how a sentence is defined. This non-universality is conjectured to be a measure of the author $style$. Moreover the attractor dimension $r$ is a simple function of the so called phase space dimension $n$, i.e., $r = n^{lambda}$, with $lambda = 0.79$. Such an exponent should also conjecture to be a measure of the author $creativity$. However, even though there are quantitative differences between the original english text and its esperanto translation, the qualitative differences are very minutes, indicating in this case a translation relatively well respecting, along our analysis lines, the content of the author writing.
We present a comparison of two english texts, written by Lewis Carroll, one (Alice in wonderland) and the other (Through a looking glass), the former translated into esperanto, in order to observe whether natural and artificial languages significantl
y differ from each other. We construct one dimensional time series like signals using either word lengths or word frequencies. We use the multifractal ideas for sorting out correlations in the writings. In order to check the robustness of the methods we also write the corresponding shuffled texts. We compare characteristic functions and e.g. observe marked differences in the (far from parabolic) f(alpha) curves, differences which we attribute to Tsallis non extensive statistical features in the frequency time series and length time series. The esperanto text has more extreme vallues. A very rough approximation consists in modeling the texts as a random Cantor set if resulting from a binomial cascade of long and short words (or words and blanks). This leads to parameters characterizing the text style, and most likely in fine the author writings.
