The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is nowadays the most effective device that can feed particle accelerators in a continuous and reliable way, providing high-current beams of low- and medium-charge-state ions and relatively intense c
urrents for highly charged ions. The ECRIS is an important tool for research with ion beams (in surface, atomic, and nuclear science) while, on the other hand, it implies plasma under extreme conditions and thus constitutes an object of scientific interest in itself. The fundamental aspect of the coupling between the electromagnetic wave and the plasma is hereinafter treated together with some variations to the classical ECR heating mechanism, with particular attention being paid to the frequency tuning effect and two-frequency heating. Considerations of electron and ion dynamics will be presented together with some recent observations connecting the beam shape with the frequency of the electromagnetic wave feeding the cavity. The future challenges of higher-charge states, high-charge breeding efficiency, and high absolute ionization efficiency also call for the exploration of new heating schemes and synergy between experiments and modelling. Some results concerning the investigation of innovative mechanisms of plasma ignition based on upper hybrid resonance will be described.
This chapter describes the basic principles, design features and characteristics of microwave discharge ion sources. A suitable source for the production of intense beams for high-power accelerators must satisfy the requirements of high brightness, s
tability and reliability. The 2.45 GHz off-resonance microwave discharge sources are ideal devices to generate the required beams, as they produce multimilliampere beams of protons, deuterons and singly charged ions. A description of different technical designs will be given, analysing their performance, with particular attention being paid to the quality of the beam, especially in terms of its emittance.
This report provides a first design for H2+ accelerators as the DAEdALUS neutrino sources. A description of all aspects of the system, from the ion source to the extracted beam, is provided. The analysis provides a first proof of principle of a full
cyclotron system which can provide the necessary beam power for the CP violation search proposed by the DAEdALUS Collaboration.
