We investigate the valence band structure of Pb on Ge(001) by Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Three Ge bands, G1, G2, and G3, were observed on Ge(001) 2x1 clean surface. In addition to these three bands, a forth band (R band) is found in t
he 2 ML of Pb coverage. The R band continues to appear even when the surface superstructure changed. The position of the R band does not depend on Pb coverage. These results indicate that the R band derives from Ge subsurface states known as surface resonance states. Furthermore, the effective mass of G3 is significantly reduced when this forth band exists. We found that this reduction of the G3 effective mass was explained by the interaction of the G3 and the surface resonance band. Consequently, the surface resonance band penetrates the Ge subsurface region affecting the Ge bulk states. We observed the hybridization between Ge states and the surface resonance states induced by Pb adsorption.
