ON cyclotomic elements and cyclotomic subgroups in K_{2} of a field

The problem of expressing an element of K_2(F) in a more explicit form gives rise to many works. To avoid a restrictive condition in a work of Tate, Browkin considered cyclotomic elements as the candidate for the element with an explicit form. In this paper, we modify and change Browkins conjecture about cyclotomic elements into more precise forms, in particular we introduce the conception of cyclotomic subgroup. In the rational function field cases, we determine completely the exact numbers of cyclotomic elements and cyclotomic subgroups contained in a subgroup generated by finitely many different cyclotomic elements, while in the number field cases, using Faltings theorem on Mordell conjecture we prove that there exist subgroups generated by an infinite number of cyclotomic elements to the power of some prime, which contain no nontrivial cyclotomic elements.

The formulas of coefficients of sum and product of p-adic integers with applications to Witt vectors

The explicit formulas of operations, in particular addition and multiplication, of $p $-adic integers are presented. As applications of the results, at first the explicit formulas of operations of Witt vectors with coefficients in $mathbb{F}_{2}$ are given; then, through solving a problem of Browkin about the transformation between the coefficients of a $p$-adic integer expressed in the ordinary least residue system and the numerically least residue system, similar formulas for Witt vectors with coefficients in $mathbb{F}_{3}$ are obtained.