We give a Descartes-like bound on the number of positive solutions to a system of fewnomials that holds when its exponent vectors are not in convex position and a sign condition is satisfied. This was discovered while developing algorithms and softwa
re for computing the Gale transform of a fewnomial system, which is our main goal. This software is a component of a package we are developing for Khovanskii-Rolle continuation, which is a numerical algorithm to compute the real solutions to a system of fewnomials.
One of the most challenging and frequently arising problems in many areas of science is to find solutions of a system of multivariate nonlinear equations. There are several numerical methods that can find many (or all if the system is small enough) s
olutions but they each exhibit characteristic problems. Moreover, traditional methods can break down if the system contains singular solutions. Here, we propose an efficient implementation of Newton homotopies, which can sample a large number of the stationary points of complicated many-body potentials. We demonstrate how the procedure works by applying it to the nearest-neighbor $phi^4$ model and atomic clusters.
Motivated by the recently observed phenomenon of topology trivialization of potential energy landscapes (PELs) for several statistical mechanics models, we perform a numerical study of the finite size $2$-spin spherical model using both numerical pol
ynomial homotopy continuation and a reformulation via non-hermitian matrices. The continuation approach computes all of the complex stationary points of this model while the matrix approach computes the real stationary points. Using these methods, we compute the average number of stationary points while changing the topology of the PEL as well as the variance. Histograms of these stationary points are presented along with an analysis regarding the complex stationary points. This work connects topology trivialization to two different branches of mathematics: algebraic geometry and catastrophe theory, which is fertile ground for further interdisciplinary research.
This paper is concerned with certifying that a given point is near an exact root of an overdetermined or singular polynomial system with rational coefficients. The difficulty lies in the fact that consistency of overdetermined systems is not a contin
uous property. Our certification is based on hybrid symbolic-numeric methods to compute the exact rational univariate representation (RUR) of a component of the input system from approximate roots. For overdetermined polynomial systems with simple roots, we compute an initial RUR from approximate roots. The accuracy of the RUR is increased via Newton iterations until the exact RUR is found, which we certify using exact arithmetic. Since the RUR is well-constrained, we can use it to certify the given approximate roots using alpha-theory. To certify isolated singular roots, we use a determinantal form of the isosingular deflation, which adds new polynomials to the original system without introducing new variables. The resulting polynomial system is overdetermined, but the roots are now simple, thereby reducing the problem to the overdetermined case. We prove that our algorithms have complexity that are polynomial in the input plus the output size upon successful convergence, and we use worst case upper bounds for termination when our iteration does not converge to an exact RUR. Examples are included to demonstrate the approach.
In this paper, we study iterative methods on the coefficients of the rational univariate representation (RUR) of a given algebraic set, called global Newton iteration. We compare two natural approaches to define locally quadratically convergent itera
tions: the first one involves Newton iteration applied to the approximate roots individually and then interpolation to find the RUR of these approximate roots; the second one considers the coefficients in the exact RUR as zeroes of a high dimensional map defined by polynomial reduction, and applies Newton iteration on this map. We prove that over fields with a p-adic valuation these two approaches give the same iteration function, but over fields equipped with the usual Archimedean absolute value, they are not equivalent. In the latter case, we give explicitly the iteration function for both approaches. Finally, we analyze the parallel complexity of the differen
