Effective descent for differential operators

A theorem of N. Katz cite{Ka} p.45, states that an irreducible differential operator $L$ over a suitable differential field $k$, which has an isotypical decomposition over the algebraic closure of $k$, is a tensor product $L=Motimes_k N$ of an absolutely irreducible operator $M$ over $k$ and an irreducible operator $N$ over $k$ having a finite differential Galois group. Using the existence of the tensor decomposition $L=Motimes N$, an algorithm is given in cite{C-W}, which computes an absolutely irreducible factor $F$ of $L$ over a finite extension of $k$. Here, an algorithmic approach to finding $M$ and $N$ is given, based on the knowledge of $F$. This involves a subtle descent problem for differential operators which can be solved for explicit differential fields $k$ which are $C_1$-fields.

A Reduced Form for Linear Differential Systems and its Application to Integrability of Hamiltonian Systems

Let $[A]: Y=AY$ with $Ain mathrm{M}_n (k)$ be a differential linear system. We say that a matrix $Rin {cal M}_{n}(bar{k})$ is a {em reduced form} of $[A]$ if $Rin mathfrak{g}(bar{k})$ and there exists $Pin GL_n (bar{k})$ such that $R=P^{-1}(AP-P)in mathfrak{g}(bar{k})$. Such a form is often the sparsest possible attainable through gauge transformations without introducing new transcendants. In this article, we discuss how to compute reduced forms of some symplectic differential systems, arising as variational equations of hamiltonian systems. We use this to give an effective form of the Morales-Ramis theorem on (non)-integrability of Hamiltonian systems.