Laser cooled atoms are central to modern precision measurements. They are also increasingly important as an enabling technology for experimental cavity quantum electrodynamics, quantum information processing and matter wave interferometry. Although s
ignificant progress has been made in miniaturising atomic metrological devices, these are limited in accuracy by their use of hot atomic ensembles and buffer gases. Advances have also been made in producing portable apparatus that benefit from the advantages of atoms in the microKelvin regime. However, simplifying atomic cooling and loading using microfabrication technology has proved difficult. In this letter we address this problem, realising an atom chip that enables the integration of laser cooling and trapping into a compact apparatus. Our source delivers ten thousand times more atoms than previous magneto-optical traps with microfabricated optics and, for the first time, can reach sub-Doppler temperatures. Moreover, the same chip design offers a simple way to form stable optical lattices. These features, combined with the simplicity of fabrication and the ease of operation, make these new traps a key advance in the development of cold-atom technology for high-accuracy, portable measurement devices.
In this paper we present the full theoretical model of a modified Ives-Stillwell experiment where counter propagating lasers are used to form a narrow interference fringe when the lasers form a double resnonance. This narrow resoannce can be as small
as 1 Hz wide and therefore provides a connection between the atomic resonance in its rest frame and the laser frequency in the lab frame. The current paper builds on a simplified approach suggested recently and presents a fully developed theory of the interaction within the Lorentz vilating electrodynamics of the Standard Model Extension.
