We show how to generalize the previous result of the monopole condensation in SU(2) QCD to SU(3) QCD. We present the gauge independent Weyl symmetric Abelian decomposition of the SU(3) QCD which decomposes the gluons to the color neutral neurons and
the colored chromons. The decomposition allows us to separate the gauge invariant and parity conserving monopole background gauge independently, and reduces the non-Abelian gauge symmetry to a discrete color reflection symmetry which is easier to handle. With this we obtain the infra-red finite and gauge invariant integral expression of the one-loop effective action which is Weyl symmetric in three SU(2) subgroups. Integrating it gauge invariantly imposing the color reflection invariance we obtain the SU(3) QCD effective potential which generates the stable monopole condensation and the mass gap. We discuss the physical implications of our result.
Viewing Einsteins theory as the gauge theory of Lorentz group, we construct the most general vacuum connections which have vanishing curvature tensor and show that the vacuum space-time can be classified by the knot topology $pi_3(S^3)simeq pi_3(S^2)
$ of $pi_3(SO(3,1))$. With this we obtain the gauge independent vacuum decomposition of Einsteins theory to the vacuum and gauge covariant physical parts. We discuss the physical implications of our result in quantum gravity.
We report a first principles analysis of electronic transport characteristics for (n,n) carbon nanotube bundles. When n is not a multiple of 3, inter-tube coupling causes universal conductance suppression near Fermi level regardless of the rotational
arrangement of individual tubes. However, when n is a multiple of 3, the bundles exhibit a diversified conductance dependence on the orientation details of the constituent tubes. The total energy of the bundle is also sensitive to the orientation arrangement only when n is a multiple of 3. All the transport properties and band structures can be well understood from the symmetry consideration of whether the rotational symmetry of the individual tubes is commensurate with that of the bundle.
