Incoherent $eta$ photoproduction on the deuteron is studied with the main emphasis on the role of final state interactions. In addition to the previously studied mechanisms of $NN$ and $eta N$ rescatterings, the role of an intermediate pion exchange
is considered in detail, where first a pion is photoproduced on one nucleon and then rescatters into an $eta$ meson on the other, the spectator nucleon. It is found, that the role of this pion mediated contribution is comparable in size to that of $eta N$ rescattering. Results for total and semi-inclusive differential cross sections and associated polarization observables are presented. In particular polarization observables show a significant sensititvity to final state interactions.
The application of the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) method to photon scattering off nuclei is presented in general. As an example, elastic photon scattering off the deuteron in the unretarded dipole approximation is considered using the LIT metho
d. The inversion of the integral transform is discussed in detail paying particular attention to the high-energy contributions in the resonance term. The obtained E1-polarizabilities are compared to results from the literature. The corresponding theoretical cross section is confronted with experimental results confirming, as already known from previous studies, that the E1-contribution is the most important one at lower energies.
The interference response function f_LT (R_LT) of the D(e,ep)n reaction has been determined at squared four-momentum transfer Q^2 = 0.33 (GeV/c)^2 and for missing momenta up to p_miss= 0.29 (GeV/c). The results have been compared to calculations that
reproduce f_LT quite well but overestimate the cross sections by 10 - 20% for missing momenta between 0.1 (GeV/c) and 0.2 (GeV/c) .
