In recent experiments conducted by the OPERA collaboration, researchers claimed the observation of neutrinos propagating faster than the light speed in vacuum. If correct, their results raise several issues concerning the special theory of relativity
and the standard model of fundamental particles. Here, the physical consequences of superluminal neutrinos described by a tachyonic Dirac lagrangian, are explored within the standard model of electroweak interactions. If neutrino tachyonic behavior is allowed, it could provide a simple explanation for the parity violation in weak interactions and why electroweak theory has a chiral aspect, leading to invariance under a $SU_{L}(2)times U_{Y}(1)$ gauge group. Right-handed neutrino becomes sterile and decoupled from the other particles quite naturally.
We report evidence for a close relation between the thermal activation of the rattling motion of the filler guest atoms, and inhomogeneous spin dynamics of the Eu2+ spins. The spin dynamics is probed directly by means of Eu2+ electron spin resonance
(ESR), performed in both X-band (9.4 GHz) and Q-band (34 GHz) frequencies in the temperature interval 4.2 < T < 300 K. A comparative study with ESR measurements on the Beta-Eu8Ga16Ge30 clathrate compound is presented. Our results point to a correlation between the rattling motion and the spin dynamics which may be relevant for the general understanding of the dynamics of cage systems.
The electric current and the magnetoresistance effect are studied in a double quantum-dot system, where one of the dots QDa is coupled to two ferromagnetic electrodes (F1,F2), while the second QDb is connected to a superconductor S. For energy scales
within the superconductor gap, electric conduction is allowed by Andreev reflection processes. Due to the presence of two ferromagnetic leads, non-local crossed Andreev reflections are possible. We found that the magnetoresistance sign can be changed by tuning the external potential applied to the ferromagnets. In addition, it is possible to control the current of the first ferromagnet (F1) through the potential applied to the second one (F2). We have also included intradot interaction and gate voltages at each quantum dot and analyzed their influence through a mean field approximation. The interaction reduces the current amplitudes with respect to the non-interacting case, but the switching effect still remains as a manifestation of quantum coherence, in scales of the order of the superconductor coherence length.
We give an extensive treatment of the pairing symmetry in the ferromagnetic superconductor $UGe_{2}$. We show that one can draw important conclusions concerning the superconducting state, considering only the transformation properties of the pairing
function, without assumptions about the form of the pairing amplitudes.
We study the transport properties of a hybrid nanostructure composed of a ferromagnet, two quantum dots, and a superconductor connected in series. By using the non-equilibrium Greens function approach, we have calculated the electric current, the dif
ferential conductance and the transmittance for energies within the superconductor gap. In this regime, the mechanism of charge transmission is the Andreev reflection, which allows for a control of the current through the ferromagnet polarization. We have also included interdot and intradot interactions, and have analyzed their influence through a mean field approximation. In the presence of interactions, Coulomb blockade tend to localized the electrons at the double-dot system, leading to an asymmetric pattern for the density of states at the dots, and thus reducing the transmission probability through the device. In particular, for non-zero polarization, the intradot interaction splits the spin degeneracy, reducing the maximum value of the current due to different spin-up and spin-down densities of states. Negative differential conductance (NDC) appears for some regions of the voltage bias, as a result of the interplay of the Andreev scattering with electronic correlations. By applying a gate voltage at the dots, one can tune the effect, changing the voltage region where this novel phenomenon appears. This mechanism to control the current may be of importance in technological applications.
