Structure monoids of set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

Given a set-theoretic solution $(X,r)$ of the Yang--Baxter equation, we denote by $M=M(X,r)$ the structure monoid and by $A=A(X,r)$, respectively $A=A(X,r)$, the left, respectively right, derived structure monoid of $(X,r)$. It is shown that there exist a left action of $M$ on $A$ and a right action of $M$ on $A$ and 1-cocycles $pi$ and $pi$ of $M$ with coefficients in $A$ and in $A$ with respect to these actions respectively. We investigate when the 1-cocycles are injective, surjective or bijective. In case $X$ is finite, it turns out that $pi$ is bijective if and only if $(X,r)$ is left non-degenerate, and $pi$ is bijective if and only if $(X,r)$ is right non-degenerate. In case $(X,r) $ is left non-degenerate, in particular $pi$ is bijective, we define a semi-truss structure on $M(X,r)$ and then we show that this naturally induces a set-theoretic solution $(bar M, bar r)$ on the least cancellative image $bar M= M(X,r)/eta$ of $M(X,r)$. In case $X$ is naturally embedded in $M(X,r)/eta$, for example when $(X,r)$ is irretractable, then $bar r$ is an extension of $r$. It also is shown that non-degenerate irretractable solutions necessarily are bijective.

Skew lattices and set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

In this paper we discuss and characterize several set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation obtained using skew lattices, an algebraic structure that has not yet been related to the Yang-Baxter equation. Such solutions are degenerate in general, and thus different from solutions obtained from braces and other algebraic structures. Our main result concerns a description of a set-theoretic solution of the Yang-Baxter equation, obtained from an arbitrary skew lattice. We also provide a construction of a cancellative and distributive skew lattice on a given family of pairwise disjoint sets.