We prove that various subgroups of the mapping class group $Mod(Sigma)$ of a surface $Sigma$ are at least exponentially distorted. Examples include the Torelli group (answering a question of Hamenstadt), the point-pushing and surface braid subgroups,
and the Lagrangian subgroup. Our techniques include a method to compute lower bounds on distortion via representation theory and an extension of Johnson theory to arbitrary subgroups of $H_1(Sigma;mathbb{Z})$.
The goal of this paper is to present a number of problems about automorphism groups of nonpositively curved polyhedral complexes and their lattices, meant to highlight possible directions for future research.
We bound the value of the Casson invariant of any integral homology 3-sphere $M$ by a constant times the distance-squared to the identity, measured in any word metric on the Torelli group $T$, of the element of $T$ associated to any Heegaard splittin
g of $M$. We construct examples which show this bound is asymptotically sharp.
