We study the general moment problem for measures on the real line, with polynomials replaced by more general spaces of entire functions. As a particular case, we describe measures that are uniquely determined by a restriction of their Fourier transfo
rm to a finite interval. We apply our results to prove an extension of a theorem by Eremenko and Novikov on the frequency of oscillations of measures with a spectral gap (high-pass signals) near infinity.
