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Register a new userAn Overview of Technologies for Geophysical Vector Magnetic Survey: A Case Study of the Instrumentation and Future Directions
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Magnetic survey techniques have been used in many years in an attempt to better evaluate the likelihood of recoverable hydrocarbon reservoirs by determining the depth and pattern of sedimentary rock formations containing magnetic minerals, such as magnetite. Utilizing airplanes, large area magnetic surveys have been conducted to estimate, for example, the depth to igneous rock and the thickness of sedimentary rock formations. In this case, the vector magnetic survey method can simultaneously obtain the modulus and direction information of the Earths magnetic field, which can effectively reduce the multiplicity on data inversion, contribute to the quantitative interpretation of the magnetic body and obtain more precise information and characteristics of magnetic field resource, so as to improve the detection resolution and positioning accuracy of the underground target body. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the application situations, the technical features, and the development of the instruments for different application scenarios, i.e., ground, wells, marine, airborne, and satellites, respectively. The potential of multi-survey technique fusion for magnetic field detection is also discussed.
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Non-Volatile Main Memories (NVMMs) have recently emerged as promising technologies for future memory systems. Generally, NVMMs have many desirable properties such as high density, byte-addressability, non-volatility, low cost, and energy efficiency, at the expense of high write latency, high write power consumption and limited write endurance. NVMMs have become a competitive alternative of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), and will fundamentally change the landscape of memory systems. They bring many research opportunities as well as challenges on system architectural designs, memory management in operating systems (OSes), and programming models for hybrid memory systems. In this article, we first revisit the landscape of emerging NVMM technologies, and then survey the state-of-the-art studies of NVMM technologies. We classify those studies with a taxonomy according to different dimensions such as memory architectures, data persistence, performance improvement, energy saving, and wear leveling. Second, to demonstrate the best practices in building NVMM systems, we introduce our recent work of hybrid memory system designs from the dimensions of architectures, systems, and applications. At last, we present our vision of future research directions of NVMMs and shed some light on design challenges and opportunities.
Nowadays, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has been a powerful tool in remote sensing by enhancing the information acquisition. During the InSAR processing, phase denoising of interferogram is a mandatory step for topography mapping and deformation monitoring. Over the last three decades, a large number of effective algorithms have been developed to do efforts on this topic. In this paper, we give a comprehensive overview of InSAR phase denoising methods, classifying the established and emerging algorithms into four main categories. The first two parts refer to the categories of traditional local filters and transformed-domain filters, respectively. The third part focuses on the category of nonlocal (NL) filters, considering their outstanding performances. Latter, some advanced methods based on new concept of signal processing are also introduced to show their potentials in this field. Moreover, several popular phase denoising methods are illustrated and compared by performing the numerical experiments using both simulated and measured data. The purpose of this paper is intended to provide necessary guideline and inspiration to related researchers by promoting the architecture development of InSAR signal processing.
The achievable beam current and beam quality of a particle accelerator can be limited by the build-up of an electron cloud (EC) in the vacuum chamber. Secondary electron emission from the walls of the vacuum chamber can contribute to the growth of the electron cloud. An apparatus for in-situ measurements of the secondary electron yield (SEY) of samples in the vacuum chamber of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) has been developed in connection with EC studies for the CESR Test Accelerator program (CesrTA). The CesrTA in-situ system, in operation since 2010, allows for SEY measurements as a function of incident electron energy and angle on samples that are exposed to the accelerator environment, typically 5.3 GeV counter-rotating beams of electrons and positrons. The system was designed for periodic measurements to observe beam conditioning of the SEY with discrimination between exposure to direct photons from synchrotron radiation versus scattered photons and cloud electrons. The SEY chambers can be isolated from the CESR beam pipe, allowing us to exchange samples without venting the CESR vacuum chamber. Measurements so far have been on metal surfaces and EC-mitigation coatings. The goal of the SEY measurement program is to improve predictive models for EC build-up and EC-induced beam effects. This report describes the CesrTA in-situ SEY apparatus, the measurement tool and techniques, and iterative improvements therein.
The Fermilab Muon Campus will host the Muon g-2 experiment - a world class experiment dedicated to the search for signals of new physics. Strict demands are placed on beam diagnostics in order to ensure delivery of high quality beams to the storage ring with minimal losses. In this study, we briefly describe the available secondary beam diagnostics for the Fermilab Muon Campus. Then, with the aid of numerical simulations we detail their interaction with the secondary beam. Finally, we compare our results against theoretical findings.
A novel method utilizing Fast Neutron Resonance Transmission Radiography is proposed for rapid, non-destructive and quantitative determination of the weight fractions of oil and water in cores taken from subterranean or underwater geological formations. Its ability to distinguish water from oil stems from the unambiguously-specific energy-dependence of the neutron cross-sections for the principal elemental constituents. Furthermore, the fluid weight fractions permit determining core porosity and oil and water saturations. In this article we show results of experimental determination of oil and water weight fractions in 10 cm thick samples of Berea Sandstone and Indiana Limestone formations, followed by calculation of their porosity and fluid saturations. The technique may ultimately permit rapid, accurate and non-destructive evaluation of relevant petro-physical properties in thick intact cores. It is suitable for all types of formations including tight shales, clays and oil sands.
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