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Register a new userThe memory effect in impulsive plane wave
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Authors
Roland Steinbauer
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Recently the memory effect has been studied in plane gravitational waves and, in particular, in impulsive plane waves. Based on an analysis of the particle motion (mainly in Baldwin-Jeffery-Rosen coordinates) a velocity memory effect is claimed to be found in [P.-M. Zhang, C. Duval, and P. A. Horvathy. Memory effect for impulsive gravitational waves. Classical Quantum Gravity, 35(6):065011, 20, 2018]. Here we point out a conceptual mistake in this account and employ earlier works to explain how to correctly derive the particle motion and how to correctly deal with the notorious distributional Brinkmann form of the metric and its relation to the continuous Rosen form.
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For a plane gravitational wave whose profile is given, in Brinkmann coordinates, by a $2times2$ symmetric traceless matrix $K(U)$, the matrix Sturm-Liouville equation $ddot{P}=KP$ plays a multiple and central r^ole: (i) it determines the isometries, (ii) it appears as the key tool for switching from Brinkmann to BJR coordinates and vice versa, (iii) it determines the trajectories of particles initially at rest. All trajectories can be obtained from trivial Carrollian ones by a suitable action of the (broken) Carrollian isometry group.
The general relativistic Poynting-Robertson effect is a dissipative and non-linear dynamical system obtained by perturbing through radiation processes the geodesic motion of test particles orbiting around a spinning compact object, described by the Kerr metric. Using the Melnikov method we find that, in a suitable range of parameters, chaotic behavior is present in the motion of a test particle driven by the Poynting-Robertson effect in the Kerr equatorial plane.
We study geodesics in the complete family of nonexpanding impulsive gravitational waves propagating in spaces of constant curvature, that is Minkowski, de Sitter and anti-de Sitter universes. Employing the continuous form of the metric we prove existence and uniqueness of continuously differentiable geodesics (in the sense of Filippov) and use a C^1-matching procedure to explicitly derive their form.
We give an account of the gravitational memory effect in the presence of the exact plane wave solution of Einsteins vacuum equations. This allows an elementary but exact description of the soft gravitons and how their presence may be detected by observing the motion of freely falling particles. The theorem of Bondi and Pirani on caustics (for which we present a new proof) implies that the asymptotic relative velocity is constant but not zero, in contradiction with the permanent displacement claimed by Zeldovich and Polnarev. A non-vanishing asymptotic relative velocity might be used to detect gravitational waves through the velocity memory effect, considered by Braginsky, Thorne, Grishchuk, and Polnarev.
We explicitly calculate the gravitational wave memory effect for classical point particle sources in linearized gravity off of an even dimensional Minkowski background. We show that there is no memory effect in $d>4$ dimensions, in agreement with the general analysis of Hollands, Ishibashi, and Wald (2016).
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