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These lecture notes in Lie Groups are designed for a 1--semester third year or graduate course in mathematics, physics, engineering, chemistry or biology. This landmark theory of the 20th Century mathematics and physics gives a rigorous foundation to modern dynamics, as well as field and gauge theories in physics, engineering and biomechanics. We give both physical and medical examples of Lie groups. The only necessary background for comprehensive reading of these notes are advanced calculus and linear algebra.
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These lecture notes in the De Rham-Hodge theory are designed for a 1-semester undergraduate course (in mathematics, physics, engineering, chemistry or biology). This landmark theory of the 20th Century mathematics gives a rigorous foundation to modern field and gauge theories in physics, engineering and physiology. The only necessary background for comprehensive reading of these notes is Greens theorem from multivariable calculus.
In the paper Einstein metrics on compact simple Lie groups attached to standard triples, the authors introduced the definition of standard triples and proved that every compact simple Lie group $G$ attached to a standard triple $(G,K,H)$ admits a left-invariant Einstein metric which is not naturally reductive except the standard triple $(Sp(4),2Sp(2),4Sp(1))$. For the triple $(Sp(4),2Sp(2),4Sp(1))$, we find there exists an involution pair of $sp(4)$ such that $4sp(1)$ is the fixed point of the pair, and then give the decomposition of $sp(4)$ as a direct sum of irreducible $ad(4sp(1))$-modules. But $Sp(4)/4Sp(1)$ is not a generalized Wallach space. Furthermore we give left-invariant Einstein metrics on $Sp(4)$ which are non-naturally reductive and $Ad(4Sp(1))$-invariant. For the general case $(Sp(2n_1n_2),2Sp(n_1n_2),2n_2Sp(n_1))$, there exist $2n_2-1$ involutions of $sp(2n_1n_2)$ such that $2n_2sp(n_1))$ is the fixed point of these $2n_2-1$ involutions, and it follows the decomposition of $sp(2n_1n_2)$ as a direct sum of irreducible $ad(2n_2sp(n_1))$-modules. In order to give new non-naturally reductive and $Ad(2n_2Sp(n_1)))$-invariant Einstein metrics on $Sp(2n_1n_2)$, we prove a general result, i.e. $Sp(2k+l)$ admits at least two non-naturally reductive Einstein metrics which are $Ad(Sp(k)timesSp(k)timesSp(l))$-invariant if $k<l$. It implies that every compact simple Lie group $Sp(n)$ for $ngeq 4$ admits at least $2[frac{n-1}{3}]$ non-naturally reductive left-invariant Einstein metrics.
In this paper, we study the analytic continuation to complex time of the Hamiltonian flow of certain $Gtimes T$-invariant functions on the cotangent bundle of a compact connected Lie group $G$ with maximal torus $T$. Namely, we will take the Hamiltonian flows of one $Gtimes G$-invariant function, $h$, and one $Gtimes T$-invariant function, $f$. Acting with these complex time Hamiltonian flows on $Gtimes G$-invariant Kahler structures gives new $Gtimes T$-invariant, but not $Gtimes G$-invariant, Kahler structures on $T^*G$. We study the Hilbert spaces ${mathcal H}_{tau,sigma}$ corresponding to the quantization of $T^*G$ with respect to these non-invariant Kahler structures. On the other hand, by taking the vertical Schrodinger polarization as a starting point, the above $Gtimes T$-invariant Hamiltonian flows also generate families of mixed polarizations $mathcal{P}_{0,sigma}, sigma in {mathbb C}, {rm Im}(sigma) >0$. Each of these mixed polarizations is globally given by a direct sum of an integrable real distribution and of a complex distribution that defines a Kahler structure on the leaves of a foliation of $T^*G$. The geometric quantization of $T^*G$ with respect to these mixed polarizations gives rise to unitary partial coherent state transforms, corresponding to KSH maps as defined in [KMN1,KMN2].
This is a set of lecture notes suitable for a Masters course on quantum computation and information from the perspective of theoretical computer science. The first version was written in 2011, with many extensions and improvements in subsequent years. The first 10 chapters cover the circuit model and the main quantum algorithms (Deutsch-Jozsa, Simon, Shor, Hidden Subgroup Problem, Grover, quantum walks, Hamiltonian simulation and HHL). They are followed by 3 chapters about complexity, 4 chapters about distributed (Alice and Bob) settings, and a final chapter about quantum error correction. Appendices A and B give a brief introduction to the required linear algebra and some other mathematical and computer science background. All chapters come with exercises, with some hints provided in Appendix C.
These lecture notes introduce exact Wilsonian renormalisation, and describe its technical approach, from an intuitive implementation to more advanced realisations. The methods and concepts are explained with a scalar theory, and their extension to quantum gravity is discussed as an application.
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