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Register a new userStar Clusters in M31: Old Clusters with Bar Kinematics
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We analyze our accurate kinematical data for the old clusters in the inner regions of M31. These velocities are based on high S/N Hectospec data (Caldwell et al 2010). The data are well suited for analysis of M31s inner regions because we took particular care to correct for contamination by unresolved field stars from the disk and bulge in the fibers. The metal poor clusters show kinematics which are compatible with a pressure-supported spheroid. The kinematics of metal-rich clusters, however, argue for a disk population. In particular the innermost region (inside 2 kpc) shows the kinematics of the x2 family of bar periodic orbits, arguing for the existence of an inner Lindblad resonance in M31.
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We present structural parameters for the seven intermediate-age and old star clusters NGC121, Lindsay 1, Kron 3, NGC339, NGC416, Lindsay 38, and NGC419 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We fit King profiles and Elson, Fall, and Freeman profiles to both surface-brightness and star count data taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Clusters older than 1 Gyr show a spread in cluster core radii that increases with age, while the youngest clusters have relatively compact cores. No evidence for post core collapse clusters was found. We find no correlation between core radius and distance from the SMC center, although consistent with other studies of dwarf galaxies, some relatively old and massive clusters have low densities. The oldest SMC star cluster, the only globular NGC121, is the most elliptical object of the studied clusters. No correlation is seen between ellipticity and distance from the SMC center. The structures of these massive intermediate-age (1-8 Gyr) SMC star clusters thus appear to primarily result from internal evolutionary processes.
We have identified a few thousand star clusters in the nearby, late-type spiral galaxy M101, including approximately 90 candidate ancient globular clusters (GCs), from multi-band Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. We obtained follow-up low-resolution (R approximately 2000) optical spectroscopy from Gemini-GMOS for 43 total clusters, of which 18 are old GCs and 25 are young massive clusters (YMCs). We measure radial velocities for these clusters and find that, as expected, the YMCs rotate with the HI disk. The old GCs do not show any obvious evidence for rotation and have a much higher velocity dispersion than the YMCs, suggesting that the GCs in M101 are likely part of a stellar halo or thick disk.
In this paper, we present photometry for young star clusters in M31, which are selected from Caldwell et al. These star clusters have been observed as part of the Beijing--Arizona--Taiwan--Connecticut (BATC) Multicolor Sky Survey from 1995 February to 2008 March. The BATC images including these star clusters are taken with 15 intermediate-band filters covering 3000--10000 AA. Combined with photometry in the {sl GALEX} far- and near-ultraviolet, broad-band $UBVRI$, SDSS $ugriz$, and infrared $JHK_{rm s}$ of Two Micron All Sky Survey, we obtain their accurate spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from 1538-20000 AA. We derive these star clusters ages and masses by comparing their SEDs with stellar population synthesis models. Our results are in good agreement with previous determinations. The mean value of age and mass of young clusters ($<2$ Gyr) is about 385 Myr and $2times 10^4 {M_odot}$, respectively. There are two distinct peaks in the age distribution, a highest peak at age $sim$ 60 Myr and a secondary peak around 250 Myr, while the mass distribution shows a single peak around $10^4 {M_odot}$. A few young star clusters have two-body relaxation times greater than their ages, indicating that those clusters have not been well dynamically relaxed and therefore have not established the thermal equilibrium. There are several regions showing aggregations of young star clusters around the 10 kpc ring and the outer ring, indicating that the distribution of the young star clusters is well correlated with M31s star-forming regions. The young massive star clusters (age $leq 100$ Myr and mass $geq 10^4 {M_odot}$) show apparent concentration around the ring splitting region, suggesting a recent passage of a satellite galaxy (M32) through M31 disk.
We present absorption line indices measured in the integrated spectra of globular clusters both from the Galaxy and from M 31. Our samples include 41 Galactic globular clusters, and more than 300 clusters in M 31. The conversion of instrumental equivalent widths into the Lick system is described, and zero-point uncertainties are provided. Comparison of line indices of old M 31 clusters and Galactic globular clusters suggests an absence of important differences in chemical composition between the two cluster systems. In particular, CN indices in the spectra of M 31 and Galactic clusters are essentially consistent with each other, in disagreement with several previous works. We reanalyze some of the previous data, and conclude that reported CN differences between M 31 and Galactic clusters were mostly due to data calibration uncertainties. Our data support the conclusion that the chemical compositions of Milky Way and M 31 globular clusters are not substantially different, and that there is no need to resort to enhanced nitrogen abundances to account for the optical spectra of M 31 globular clusters.
This paper presents CCD multicolor photometry for 304 old star clusters in the nearby spiral galaxy M31. Of which photometry of 55 star clusters is first obtained. The observations were carried out as a part of the Beijing--Arizona--Taiwan--Connecticut (BATC) Multicolor Sky Survey from 1995 February to 2008 March, using 15 intermediate-band filters covering 3000--10000 AA. Detailed comparisons show that our photometry is in agreement with previous measurements. Based on the ages and metallicities from Caldwell et al. and the photometric measurements here, we estimated the clusters masses by comparing their multicolor photometry with stellar population synthesis models. The results show that the sample clusters have masses between $sim 3times10^4 M_odot$ and $sim 10^7 M_odot$ with the peak of $sim 4times10^5 M_odot$. The masses here are in good agreement with those in previous studies. Combined with the masses of young star clusters of M31 from Wang et al., we find that the peak of mass of old clusters is ten times that of young clusters.
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