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Register a new userCellular automaton for bacterial towers
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A simulation approach to the stochastic growth of bacterial towers is presented, in which a non-uniform and finite nutrient supply essentially determines the emerging structure through elementary chemotaxis. The method is based on cellular automata and we use simple, microscopic, local rules for bacterial division in nutrient-rich surroundings. Stochastic nutrient diffusion, while not crucial to the dynamics of the total population, is influential in determining the porosity of the bacterial tower and the roughness of its surface. As the bacteria run out of food, we observe an exponentially rapid saturation to a carrying capacity distribution, similar in many respects to that found in a recently proposed phenomenological hierarchical population model, which uses heuristic parameters and macroscopic rules. Complementary to that phenomenological model, the simulation aims at giving more microscopic insight into the possible mechanisms for one of the recently much studied bacterial morphotypes, known as towering biofilm, observed experimentally using confocal laser microscopy. A simulation suggesting a mechanism for biofilm resistance to antibiotics is also shown.
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Gliders in one-dimensional cellular automata are compact groups of non-quiescent and non-ether patterns (ether represents a periodic background) translating along automaton lattice. They are cellular-automaton analogous of localizations or quasi-local collective excitations travelling in a spatially extended non-linear medium. They can be considered as binary strings or symbols travelling along a one-dimensional ring, interacting with each other and changing their states, or symbolic values, as a result of interactions. We analyse what types of interaction occur between gliders travelling on a cellular automaton `cyclotron and build a catalog of the most common reactions. We demonstrate that collisions between gliders emulate the basic types of interaction that occur between localizations in non-linear media: fusion, elastic collision, and soliton-like collision. Computational outcomes of a swarm of gliders circling on a one-dimensional torus are analysed via implementation of cyclic tag systems.
Viral kinetics have been extensively studied in the past through the use of spatially homogeneous ordinary differential equations describing the time evolution of the diseased state. However, spatial characteristics such as localized populations of dead cells might adversely affect the spread of infection, similar to the manner in which a counter-fire can stop a forest fire from spreading. In order to investigate the influence of spatial heterogeneities on viral spread, a simple 2-D cellular automaton (CA) model of a viral infection has been developed. In this initial phase of the investigation, the CA model is validated against clinical immunological data for uncomplicated influenza A infections. Our results will be shown and discussed.
By challenging E. coli with sublethal norfloxacin for 10 days, Henry Lee and James Collins suggests the bacterial altruism leads to the population-wide resistance. By detailedly analyzing experiment data, we suggest that bacterial cooperation leads to population-wide resistance under norfloxacin pressure and simultaneously propose the bacteria shield is the possible feedback mechanism of less resistant bacteria. The bacteria shield is that the less resistant bacteria sacrifice the large number of themselves to consume norfloxacin and then to relieve the norfloxacin burden from highly resistant bacteria. Thus, due to highly resistant bacteria and less resistant bacteria extracted from the same bacteria population, bacterial cooperation leads to heteroresistance.
Signals are a classical tool used in cellular automata constructions that proved to be useful for language recognition or firing-squad synchronisation. Particles and collisions formalize this idea one step further, describing regular nets of colliding signals. In the present paper, we investigate the use of particles and collisions for constructions involving an infinite number of interacting particles. We obtain a high-level construction for a new smallest intrinsically universal cellular automaton with 4 states.
We analytically diagonalize a discrete-time on-site interacting fermionic cellular automaton in the two-particle sector. Important features of the solutions sensibly differ from those of analogous Hamiltonian models. In particular, we found a wider variety of scattering processes, we have bound states for every value of the total momentum, and there exist bound states also in the free case, where the coupling constant is null.
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