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Gauge-natural field theories and Noether Theorems: canonical covariant conserved currents

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 Added by Marcella Palese
 Publication date 2005
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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Recently we found that canonical gauge-natural superpotentials are obtained as global sections of the {em reduced} $(n-2)$-degree and $(2s-1)$-order quotient sheaf on the fibered manifold $bY_{zet} times_{bX} mathfrak{K}$, where $mathfrak{K}$ is an appropriate subbundle of the vector bundle of (prolongations of) infinitesimal right-invariant automorphisms $bar{Xi}$. In this paper, we provide an alternative proof of the fact that the naturality property $cL_{j_{s}bar{Xi}_{H}}omega (lambda, mathfrak{K})=0$ holds true for the {em new} Lagrangian $omega (lambda, mathfrak{K})$ obtained contracting the Euler--Lagrange form of the original Lagrangian with $bar{Xi}_{V}in mathfrak{K}$. We use as fundamental tools an invariant decomposition formula of vertical morphisms due to Kolav{r} and the theory of iterated Lie derivatives of sections of fibered bundles. As a consequence, we recover the existence of a canonical generalized energy--momentum conserved tensor density associated with $omega (lambda, mathfrak{K})$.



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We consider systems of local variational problems defining non vanishing cohomolgy classes. In particular, we prove that the conserved current associated with a generalized symmetry, assumed to be also a symmetry of the variation of the corresponding local inverse problem, is variationally equivalent to the variation of the strong Noether current for the corresponding local system of Lagrangians. This current is conserved and a sufficient condition will be identified in order such a current be global.
When a gauge-natural invariant variational principle is assigned, to determine {em canonical} covariant conservation laws, the vertical part of gauge-natural lifts of infinitesimal principal automorphisms -- defining infinitesimal variations of sections of gauge-natural bundles -- must satisfy generalized Jacobi equations for the gauge-natural invariant Lagrangian. {em Vice versa} all vertical parts of gauge-natural lifts of infinitesimal principal automorphisms which are in the kernel of generalized Jacobi morphisms are generators of canonical covariant currents and superpotentials. In particular, only a few gauge-natural lifts can be considered as {em canonical} generators of covariant gauge-natural physical charges.
In this paper we discuss how the gauge principle can be applied to classical-mechanics models with finite degrees of freedom. The local invariance of a model is understood as its invariance under the action of a matrix Lie group of transformations parametrized by arbitrary functions. It is formally presented how this property can be introduced in such systems, followed by modern applications. Furthermore, Lagrangians describing classical-mechanics systems with local invariance are separated in equivalence classes according to their local structures.
The quantum effective action yields equations of motion and correlation functions including all quantum corrections. We discuss here how it encodes also Noether currents at the full quantum level. This holds both for covariantly conserved currents associated to real symmetries that leave the action invariant as well as for non-conserved Noether currents associated to extended symmetry transformations which change the action, but in a specific way. We discuss then in particular symmetries and extended symmetries associated to space-time geometry for relativistic quantum field theories. These encompass local dilatations or Weyl gauge transformation, local Lorentz transformations and local shear transformations. Together they constitute the symmetry group of the frame bundle GL$(d)$. The corresponding non-conserved Noether currents are the dilatation or Weyl current, the spin current and the shear current for which divergence-type equations of motion are obtained from the quantum effective action.
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