We report here a preliminary value for the piNN coupling constant deduced from the GMO sumrule for forward piN scattering. As in our previous determination from np backward differential scattering cross sections we give a critical discussion of the analysis with careful attention not only to the statistical, but also to the systematic uncertainties. Our preliminary evaluation gives $g^2_c$(GMO) = 13.99(24).
We study the dynamical generation of masses for fundamental fermions in quenched quantum electrodynamics, in the presence of magnetic fields of arbitrary strength, by solving the Schwinger-Dyson equation (SDE) for the fermion self-energy in the rainbow approximation. We employ the Ritus eigenfunction formalism which provides a neat solution to the technical problem of summing over all Landau levels. It is well known that magnetic fields catalyze the generation of fermion mass m for arbitrarily small values of electromagnetic coupling alpha. For intense fields it is also well known that m propto sqrt eB. Our approach allows us to span all regimes of parameters alpha and eB. We find that m propto sqrt eB provided alpha is small. However, when alpha increases beyond the critical value alpha_c which marks the onslaught of dynamical fermion masses in vacuum, we find m propto Lambda, the cut-off required to regularize the ultraviolet divergences. Our method permits us to verify the results available in literature for the limiting cases of eB and alpha. We also point out the relevance of our work for possible physical applications.
We report on a neutron particle physics experiment, which provides for the first time an upper limit on the strength of an axial coupling constant for a new light spin 1 boson in the millimeter range. Such a new boson would mediate a new force between ordinary fermions, like neutrons and protons. The experiment was set up at the cold neutron reflectometer Narziss at the Paul Scherrer Institute and uses Ramseys technique of separated oscillating fields to search for a pseudomagnetic neutron spin precession induced by this new interaction. For the axial coupling constant $g_A^2$, an upper limit of $6times10^{-13}$ (95% C.L.) was determined for an interaction range of 1 mm.
We revisit the analysis of the improved ladder Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equation for the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in QCD with emphasizing the importance of the scale ambiguity. Previous calculation done so far naively used one-loop MSbar coupling in the improved ladder SD equation without examining the scale ambiguity. As a result, the calculated pion decay constant f_pi was less than a half of its experimental value f_pi=92.4MeV once the QCD scale is fixed from the high energy coupling alpha_s(M_Z). In order to settle the ambiguity in a proper manner, we adopt here in the present paper the next-to-leading-order effective coupling instead of a naive use of the MSbar coupling. The pion decay constant f_pi is then calculated from high energy QCD coupling strength alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1172 pm 0.0020. Within the Higashijima-Miransky approximation, we obtain f_pi=85--106MeV depending on the value of alpha_s(M_Z) which agrees well with the experimentally observed value f_pi=92.4MeV. The validity of the improved ladder SD equation is therefore ascertained more firmly than considered before.
We work out the method for evaluating the QCD coupling constant at finite temperature ($T$) by making use of the finite $T$ renormalization group equation up to the one-loop order on the basis of the background field method with the imaginary time formalism. The background field method, which maintains the explicit gauge invariance, provides notorious simplifications since one has to calculate only the renormalization constant of the background field gluon propagator. The results for the evolution of the QCD coupling constant at finite $T$ reproduce partially the ones obtained in the literature. We discuss, in particular, the origin of the discrepancies between different calculations, such as the choice of gauge, the break-down of Lorentz invariance, imaginary versus real time formalism and the applicability of the Ward identities at finite $T$.
We determine the strength $G_{rm v}$ of the vector-type four-quark interaction in the entanglement Polyakov-extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (EPNJL) model from the results of recent lattice QCD simulations with two-flavor Wilson fermions. The quark-number density is normalized by the Stefan-Boltzmann limit for small baryon chemical potential $mu$ and temperature $T$ higher than the pseudo-critical temperature $T_c$ of the deconfinement transition. The strength determined from the normalized quark-number density is $G_{rm v}=0.33 G_{rm s}$ for the strength $G_{rm s}$ of the scalar-type four-quark interaction. We explore the hadron-quark phase transition in the $mu$-$T$ plane, using the two-phase model consisting of the quantum hadrodynamics model for the hadron phase and the EPNJL model for the quark phase. When $G_{rm v}=0.33 G_{rm s}$, the critical baryon chemical potential of the transition at zero $T$ is $mu_c sim 1.6$ GeV that accounts for two solar mass measurements of neutron stars in the framework of the quark-hadron hybrid star model.