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We discuss the prospects - within several models - for the observation of CP-violation (CPV) in top decays and production. The outlook looks best for t -> bW at the LHC (MSSM CPV), t -> b tau u_tau at TeV3, LHC and NLC (H^+ CPV), p p-bar -> t b-bar + X at TeV3 (MSSM CPV), p p -> t t-bar + X at the LHC (MSSM CPV and neutral Higgs CPV) and for e^+ e^- -> t t-bar h, t t-bar Z, where h is the lowest mass neutral Higgs boson, at an NLC with energy geq 1 TeV (neutral Higgs CPV).
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Minimal Flavor Violation in the up-type quark sector leads to particularly interesting phenomenology due to the interplay of flavor physics in the charm sector and collider physics from flavor changing processes in the top sector. We study the most general operators that can affect top quark properties and $D$ meson decays in this scenario, concentrating on two CP violating operators for detailed studies. The consequences of these effective operators on charm and top flavor changing processes are generically small, but can be enhanced if there exists a light flavor mediator that is a Standard Model gauge singlet scalar and transforms under the flavor symmetry group. This flavor mediator can satisfy the current experimental bounds with a mass as low as tens of GeV and explain observed $D$-meson direct CP violation. Additionally, the model predicts a non-trivial branching fraction for a top quark decay that would mimic a dijet resonance.
Top quark is extremely sensitive to non-standard CP violating phases. General strategies for exposing different types of phases at the NLC are outlined. SUSY phase(s) cause PRA in $tto Wb$. The transverse polarization of the $tau$ in the reaction $tto btau u$ is extremely sensitive to a phase from the charged Higgs sector. Phase(s) from the neutral Higgs sector cause appreciable dipole moment effects and lead to sizable asymmetries in $e^+e^-to tbar tH^0$ and $e^+e^-to tbar t u_ebar u_e$.}]
We study the CP violation of universal seesaw model, especially its quark sector. The model is based on SU(2)_L times SU(2)_R times U(1)_{Y^prime}. In order to count the number of parameters in quark sector, we use the degree of freedom of weak basis transformation. For N(3)-generation model, the number of CP violating phase in quark sector is identified as 3N^2-3N+1 (19). We also construct nineteen CP violating weak basis invariants of Yukawa coupling matrices and SU(2) singlet quark mass matrices in the three-generation universal seesaw model. The quark interaction terms induced by neutral currents are given as an exact formula. Both of the charged current and the neutral current are expressed in terms of the mass basis by finding the transformations from weak basis to mass basis. Finally, we calculate the mixing matrix element approximately assuming that the SU(2)_R breaking scale v_R is much larger than the electro-weak breaking scale v_L.
We discuss the formalism of two Higgs doublet model type III with CP violation from CP-even CP-odd mixing in the neutral Higgs bosons. The flavor changing interactions among neutral Higgs bosons and fermions are presented at tree level in this type of model. These assumptions allow the study rare top decays mediated by neutral Higgs bosons, particularly we are interested in $trightarrow c l^+l^-$. For this process we estimated upper bounds of the branching ratios $textrm{Br}(trightarrow c tau^+tau^-)$ of the order of $10^{-9}sim 10^{-7}$ for a neutral Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV and $tanbeta=1$, 1.5, 2, 2.5. For the case of $trightarrow c tau^+tau^-$ the number of possible events is estimated from 1 to 10 events which could be observed in future experiments at LHC with a luminosity of 300 $textrm{fb}^{-1}$ and 14 GeV for the energy of the center of mass. Also we estimate that the number of events for the process $trightarrow c l^+l^-$ in different scenarios is of order of $2500$.
Inspired by the small mass-squared difference measured in the solar neutrino oscillation experiments and by the testability, we suggest that a limit of the partial mass degeneracy, in which masses of the first two generation fermions are degenerate, may be a good starting point for understanding the observed fermion mass spectra and mixing patterns. The limit indicates the existence of a two-dimensional rotation symmetry, such as $O(2)$, $D_N$ and so on, in flavor space of the first two generations. We propose simple models for the lepton sector based on $D_N$ and show that the models can successfully reproduce the experimental data without imposing unnatural hierarchies among dimensionless couplings, although at least $10%$ tuning is necessary in order to explain a large atmospheric mixing. It is especially found that the $Z_2$ subgroup of the $D_N$ symmetry plays an important role in understanding the smallness of the electron mass and $theta_{13}^{rm PMNS}$. We also discuss testability of the models by the future neutrinoless-double-beta-decay experiments and cosmological observations.
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