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Chiral symmetry and unitarization are combined into generalized Breit-Wigner expressions describing scalar resonances, which contain free parameters and allow flexible descriptions of masses, widths and pole positions. This theoretical tool is especially designed to be used in analyses of low-energy data.
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We point out that annihilation of dark matter in the galactic halo can be enhanced relative to that in the early universe due to a Breit-Wigner tail, if the dark matter annihilates through a pole just below the threshold. This provides a new explanation to the boost factor which is suggested by the recent data of the PAMELA, ATIC and PPB-BETS cosmic-ray experiments.
Within Wigner function formalism, the chiral anomaly arises naturally from the Dirac sea contribution in un-normal-ordered Wigner function. For massless fermions, the Dirac sea contribution behaves like a 4-dimensional or 3-dimensional Berry monopole in Euclidian momentum space, while for massive fermions, although Dirac sea still leads to the chiral anomaly but there is no Berry monopole at infrared momentum region. We discuss these points explicitly in a simple and concrete example.
We study the statistical mechanics of counterion Wigner crystals associated with hexagonal bundles of chiral biopolymers. We show that, due to spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking induced by frustration, these Wigner crystals would be chiral even if the biopolymers themselves were not chiral. Using a duality transformation of the model onto a spin-charge Hamiltonian, we show that melting of the Wigner crystal is due to the unbinding of screw dislocations and that the melting temperature has a singular dependence on the intrinsic chirality of the biopolymers. Finally, we report that, if electrostatic interactions are strongly screened, the counterions can condense in the form of an intermediate achiral Wigner solid phase that melts by the unbinding of fractional topological charges.
Particles in quantum vortex states (QVS) carrying definite orbital angular momenta (OAM) brings new perspectives in various fundamental interaction processes. When unique properties arise in the QVS, understanding how OAM manifest itself between initial particles and the outcome in vortex particle collisions becomes essential. This is made possible by applying the complete vortex description for all involved particles such that angular momenta (AM) are represented by explicit quantum numbers and their connections are naturally retrieved. We demonstrate the full-vortex quantum-electrodynamics (QED) results for the Breit-Wheeler pair creation process and derive the AM-dependent selection rule. The numerically resolved cross-sections show anti-symmetric spin polarization and most importantly, the first OAM spectra in vortex collision processes. The latter reveals efficient conversion of OAM to created pairs, leading to featured hollow and ring-shaped structure in the density distribution. These results demonstrate a clear picture in understanding the OAM physics in the scattering processes of high energy particles.
We consider correlated transfer ionization in relativistic collisions between a highly charged ion and a light atom. In this process two quasi-free electrons of the atom interact with each other during the short collision time that results in capture of one of them by the ion and emission of the other. We show that this process is strongly influenced by the generalized Breit interaction already at modest relativistic impact energies.
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