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Register a new userSearching for New Physics in Leptonic Decays of Bottomonium
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M.A. Sanchis-Lozano
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New Physics can show up in various well-known processes already studied in the Standard Model, in particular by modifying decay rates to some extent. In this work, I examine leptonic decays of $Upsilon$ vector resonances of bottomonium below $Bbar{B}$ production, subsequent to a magnetic dipole radiative structural transition of the vector resonance yielding a pseudoscalar continuum state, searching for the existence of a light Higgs-like neutral boson that would imply a slight but experimentally measurable breaking of lepton universality.
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It is well recognized that looking for new physics at lower energy colliders is a tendency which is complementary to high energy machines such as LHC. Based on large database of BESIII, we may have a unique opportunity to do a good job. In this paper we calculate the branching ratios of semi-leptonic processes $D^+_s to K^+ e^-e^+$, $D^+_s to K^+ e^-mu^+$ and leptonic processes $D^0 to e^-e^+$, $D^0 to e^-mu^+$ in the frames of $U(1)$ model, 2HDM and unparticle separately. It is found that both the $U(1)$ and 2HDM may influence the semi-leptonic decay rates, but only the $U(1)$ offers substantial contributions to the pure leptonic decays and the resultant branching ratio of $D^0 to e^-mu^+$ can be as large as $10^{-7}sim10^{-8}$ which might be observed at the future super $tau$-charm factory.
Leptonic decays of vector-states of bottomonium are analized searching for a light pseudoscalar Higgs-like neutral boson manifesting via an apparent breaking of lepton universality.
We propose a method to quantify the Standard Model uncertainty in B to K pi decays using the experimental data, assuming that power counting provides a reasonable estimate of the subleading terms in the 1/mb expansion. Using this method, we show that present B to K pi data are compatible with the Standard Model. We analyze the pattern of subleading terms required to reproduce the B to K pi data and argue that anomalously large subleading terms are not needed. Finally, we find that S(KS pi0) is fairly insensitive to hadronic uncertainties and obtain the Standard Model estimate S(KS pi0)=0.74 +- 0.04.
While the LHC did not observe direct evidence for physics beyond the standard model, indirect hints for new physics were uncovered in the flavour sector in the decays $Bto K^*mu^+mu^-$, $Bto Kmu^+mu^-/Bto Ke^+e^-$, $B_stophimu^+mu^-$, $Bto D^{(*)}tau u$ and $htotau^pmmu^mp$. Each observable deviates from the SM predictions at the $2-3,sigma$ level only, but combining all $bto smu^+mu^-$ data via a global fit, one finds $4-5,sigma$ difference for NP compared to the SM and combining $Bto D^{*}tau u$ with $Bto Dtau u$ one obtains $3.9,sigma$. While $Bto D^{(*)}tau u$ and $htotaumu$ can be naturally explained by an extended Higgs sector, the $bto smu^+mu^-$ anomalies point at a $Z$ gauge boson. However, it is also possible to explain $Bto D^{(*)}tau u$ and $bto smu^+mu^-$ simultaneously with leptoquarks while their effect in $htotau^pmmu^mp$ is far too small to account for current data. Combining a 2HDM with a gauged $L_mu-L_tau$ symmetry allows for explaining the $bto smu^+mu^-$ anomalies in combination with $htotau^pmmu^mp$, predicting interesting correlations with $tauto3mu$. In the light of these deviations from the SM we also discuss the possibilities of observing lepton flavour violating $B$ decays (e.g. $Bto K^{(*)}tau^pmmu^mp$ and $B_stotau^pmmu^mp$).
An extension of the New Standard Model, by introducing a mixing of the low mass ``active neutrinos with heavy ones, or by any model with lepton flavor violation, is considered. This leads to non-orthogonal neutrino production and detection states and to modifications of neutrino oscillations in both, vacuum and matter. The possibility of the discovery of such effects in current and future neutrino oscillation experiments is discussed. First order approximation formulas for the flavor transition probabilities in constant density matter, for all experimentally available channels, are given. Numerical calculations of flavor transition probabilities for two sets of New Physics parameters describing a single ``effective heavy neutrino state, both satisfying present experimental constraints, have been performed. Two energy ranges and several baselines, assuming both the current ($pm2sigma$) and the expected in future ($pm3%$) errors of the neutrino oscillation parameters are considered, keeping their present central values. It appears that the biggest potential of the discovery of the possible presence of any New Physics is pronounced in oscillation channels in which $ u_{e}$, $ u_{bar{e}}$ are not involved at all, especially for two baselines, $L=3000 km$ and $L=7500 km$, which for other reasons are also called ``magic for future $Neutrino Factory$ experiments.
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