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Register a new userBounds on masses of new gauge bosons in the 3 - 3 -1 models
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Contribution from new gauge bosons in the 3 - 3 - 1 models to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, mass difference of the kaon system and rare kaon decay are calculated and numerically estimated. Bounds on masses of new gauge bosons: bileptons and Z are derived.
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We show that, in frameworks of the economical 3-3-1 model, all fermions get masses. At the tree level, one up-quark and two down-quarks are massless, but the one-loop corrections give all quarks the consistent masses. This conclusion is in contradiction to the previous analysis in which, the third scalar triplet has been introduced. This result is based on the key properties of the model: First, there are three quite different scales of vacuum expectation values: $om sim {cal O}(1) mathrm{TeV}, v approx 246 mathrm{GeV}$ and $ u sim {cal O}(1) mathrm{GeV}$. Second, there exist two types of Yukawa couplings with different strengths: the lepton-number conserving couplings $h$s and the lepton-number violating ones $s$s satisfying the condition in which the second are much smaller than the first ones: $ s ll h$. With the acceptable set of parameters, numerical evaluation shows that in this model, masses of the exotic quarks also have different scales, namely, the $U$ exotic quark ($q_U = 2/3$) gains mass $m_U approx 700 $ GeV, while the $D_al$ exotic quarks ($q_{D_al} = -1/3$) have masses in the TeV scale: $m_{D_al} in 10 div 80$ TeV.
We present a detailed discussion of the triplet anti-triplet symmetry in 3-3-1 models. The full set of conditions to realize this symmetry is provided, which includes in particular the requirement that the two vacuum expectation values of the two scalar triplets responsible for making the W and Z bosons massive must be interchanged. We apply this new understanding to the calculation of processes that have a Z-Z mixing.
In this work, we interpret the 3-3-1-1 model when the B-L and 3-3-1 breaking scales behave simultaneously as the inflation scale. This setup not only realizes the previously-achieved consequences of inflation and leptogenesis, but also provides new insights in superheavy dark matter and neutrino masses. We argue that the 3-3-1-1 model can incorporate a scalar sextet, which induces both small masses for the neutrinos via a combined type I and II seesaw and large masses for the new neutral fermions. Additionally, all the new particles have the large masses in the inflation scale. The lightest particle among the W-particles that have abnormal (i.e., wrong) B-L number in comparison to those of the standard model particles may be a superheavy dark matter as it is stabilized by the W-parity. The dark matter candidate may be a Majorana fermion, a neutral scalar, or a neutral gauge boson, which was properly created in the early universe due to the gravitational effects on the vacuum or the thermal production after cosmic inflation.
We propose two 3-3-1 models (with either neutral fermions or right-handed neutrinos) based on S_3 flavor symmetry responsible for fermion masses and mixings. The models can be distinguished upon the new charge embedding (mathcal{L}) relevant to lepton number. The neutrino small masses can be given via a cooperation of type I and type II seesaw mechanisms. The latest data on neutrino oscillation can be fitted provided that the flavor symmetry is broken via two different directions S_3 rightarrow Z_2 and S_3 rightarrow Z_3 (or equivalently in the sequel S_3 rightarrow Z_2 rightarrow Identity), in which the second direction is due to a scalar triplet and another antisextet as small perturbation. In addition, breaking of either lepton parity in the model with neutral fermions or lepton number in the model with right-handed neutrinos must be happened due to the mathcal{L}-violating scalar potential. The TeV seesaw scale can be naturally recognized in the former model. The degenerate masses of fermion pairs (mu, tau), (c, t) and (s, b) are respectively separated due to the S_3 rightarrow Z_3 breaking.
A new model for tiny neutrino masses is proposed in the gauge theory of $SU(3)_C otimes SU(3)_L otimes U(1)_X$, where neutrino masses are generated via the quantum effect of new particles. In this model, the fermion content is taken to be minimal to realize the gauge anomaly cancellation, while the scalar sector is extended from the minimal 3-3-1 model to have an additional $SU(3)_L$ triplet field. After $SU(3)_Lotimes U(1)_X$ is broken into $SU(2)_Lotimes U(1)_Y$, the Zee model like diagrams are naturally induced, which contain sufficient lepton flavor violating interactions to reproduce current neutrino oscillation data. Furthermore, the remnant $Z_2$ symmetry appears after the electroweak symmetry breaking, which guarantees the stability of dark matter. It is confirmed that this model can satisfy current dark matter data. As an important prediction to test this model, productions and decays of doubly-charged scalar bosons at collider experiments are discussed in successful benchmark scenarios.
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