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Register a new userFermion masses in the economical 3-3-1 model
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We show that, in frameworks of the economical 3-3-1 model, all fermions get masses. At the tree level, one up-quark and two down-quarks are massless, but the one-loop corrections give all quarks the consistent masses. This conclusion is in contradiction to the previous analysis in which, the third scalar triplet has been introduced. This result is based on the key properties of the model: First, there are three quite different scales of vacuum expectation values: $om sim {cal O}(1) mathrm{TeV}, v approx 246 mathrm{GeV}$ and $ u sim {cal O}(1) mathrm{GeV}$. Second, there exist two types of Yukawa couplings with different strengths: the lepton-number conserving couplings $h$s and the lepton-number violating ones $s$s satisfying the condition in which the second are much smaller than the first ones: $ s ll h$. With the acceptable set of parameters, numerical evaluation shows that in this model, masses of the exotic quarks also have different scales, namely, the $U$ exotic quark ($q_U = 2/3$) gains mass $m_U approx 700 $ GeV, while the $D_al$ exotic quarks ($q_{D_al} = -1/3$) have masses in the TeV scale: $m_{D_al} in 10 div 80$ TeV.
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We show that the economical 3-3-1 model poses a very high new physics scale of the order of 1000~TeV due to the constraint on the flavor-changing neutral current. The implications of the model for neutrino masses, inflation, leptogenesis, and superheavy dark matter are newly recognized. Alternatively, we modify the model by rearranging the third quark generation differently from the first two quark generations, as well as changing the scalar sector. The resultant model now predicts a consistent new physics at TeV scale unlike the previous case and may be fully probed at the current colliders. Particularly, due to the minimal particle contents, the models under consideration manifestly accommodate dark matter candidates and neutrino masses, with novel and distinct production mechanisms. The large flavor-changing neutral currents that come from the ordinary and exotic quark mixings can be avoided due to the approximate $B-L$ symmetry.
We investigate the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the context of the supersymmetric version of the economical 3-3-1 model. We compute the 1-loop contribution of super-partner particles. We show that contribution of superparticle loop becomes significant when tan gamma is large. We investigate for both small and large values of $tan gamma$. We find the region of the parameter space where the slepton masses are of a few hundreds GeV is favour by the muon g-2 for small tan gamma (tan gamma sim 5 ). Numerical estimation gives the mass of supersymmetric particle, the mass of gauginos m_G sim 700 GeV and light slepton mass m_{tilde{L}} is of order O (100) GeV. When tan{gamma} is large (tan{gamma} sim 60), the mass of charged slepton m_{tilde{L}} and the mass of gauginos m_Gsim O(1) TeV while the mass of sneutrino sim 450 GeV is in the reach of LHC.
By applying copositivity criterion to the scalar potential of the economical $3-3-1$ model, we derive necessary and sufficient bounded-from-below conditions at tree level. Although these are a large number of intricate inequalities for the dimensionless parameters of the scalar potential, we present general enlightening relations in this work. Additionally, we use constraints coming from the minimization of the scalar potential by means of the orbit space method, the positivity of the squared masses of the extra scalars, the Higgs boson mass, the $Z$ gauge boson mass and its mixing angle with the SM $Z$ boson in order to further restrict the parameter space of this model.
In this work, we interpret the 3-3-1-1 model when the B-L and 3-3-1 breaking scales behave simultaneously as the inflation scale. This setup not only realizes the previously-achieved consequences of inflation and leptogenesis, but also provides new insights in superheavy dark matter and neutrino masses. We argue that the 3-3-1-1 model can incorporate a scalar sextet, which induces both small masses for the neutrinos via a combined type I and II seesaw and large masses for the new neutral fermions. Additionally, all the new particles have the large masses in the inflation scale. The lightest particle among the W-particles that have abnormal (i.e., wrong) B-L number in comparison to those of the standard model particles may be a superheavy dark matter as it is stabilized by the W-parity. The dark matter candidate may be a Majorana fermion, a neutral scalar, or a neutral gauge boson, which was properly created in the early universe due to the gravitational effects on the vacuum or the thermal production after cosmic inflation.
We propose a predictive model based on the $SU(3)_Ctimes SU(3)_Ltimes U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry, which is supplemented by the $D_4$ family symmetry and several auxiliary cyclic symmetries whose spontaneous breaking produces the observed SM fermion mass and mixing pattern. The masses of the light active neutrinos are produced by an inverse seesaw mechanism mediated by three right handed Majorana neutrinos. To the best of our knowledge the model corresponds to the first implementation of the $D_4$ family symmetry in a $SU(3)_Ctimes SU(3)_Ltimes U(1)_X$ theory with three right handed Majorana neutrinos and inverse seesaw mechanism. Our proposed model successfully accommodates the experimental values of the SM fermion mass and mixing parameters, the muon anomalous magnetic moment as well as the Higgs diphoton decay rate constraints. The consistency of our model with the muon anomalous magnetic moment requires electrically charged scalar masses at the sub TeV scale.
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