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Register a new userMeasurement of the Longitudinal Polarization of the HERA Electron Beam Using Crystals and the ZEUS Luminosity Monitor
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Authors
K. Piotrzkowski
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A measurement of the longitudinal polarization of the electron beam at HERA utilizing coherent interactions of high energy photons in crystals is proposed. Modification of existing facilities would allow an independent polarization measurement and a verification of birefringence phenomena in crystals for 20--30~GeV photons. Relevant experimental issues and systematic uncertainties are also presented.
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The HERA luminosity upgrade is expected to generate two major problems in the current method of luminosity determination which is based on counting brehmsstrahlung photons: damage of the calorimeter monitor due to high primary synchrotron radiation and large multiple event (pile-up) corrections. The luminosity spectrometer presented in this talk, is a novel method that reduces the impact of these problems in the luminosity measurement and is expected to yield a total systematic uncertainty of 1.4%. The spectrometer counts brehmsstrahlung photon
The luminosity in the ZEUS detector was measured using photons from electron bremsstrahlung. In 2001 the HERA collider was upgraded for operation at higher luminosity. At the same time the luminosity-measuring system of the ZEUS experiment was modified to tackle the expected higher photon rate and synchrotron radiation. The existing lead-scintillator calorimeter was equipped with radiation hard scintillator tiles and shielded against synchrotron radiation. In addition, a magnetic spectrometer was installed to measure the luminosity independently using photons converted in the beam-pipe exit window. The redundancy provided a reliable and robust luminosity determination with a systematic uncertainty of 1.7%. The experimental setup, the techniques used for luminosity determination and the estimate of the systematic uncertainty are reported.
The photoproduction of isolated photons has been measured in diffractive events recorded by the ZEUS detector at HERA. Cross sections are evaluated in the photon-proton transverse-energy and pseudorapidity ranges 5<ET(gamma)<15 GeV and -0.7<eta(gamma)<0.9 inclusively and also with a jet with transverse energy and pseudorapidity in the range 4<ET(jet)<35 GeV and -1.5<eta(jet)<1.8, using a total integrated electron-proton luminosity of 374 pb-1. A number of kinematic variables were studied and compared to predictions from the RAPGAP Monte Carlo model. An excess of data is observed above the RAPGAP predictions for z|P(meas)>0.9, where z|P(meas) is the fraction of the longitudinal momentum of the colourless Pomeron exchange that is transferred to the photon-jet final state, giving evidence for direct Pomeron interactions.
A precise measurement of the spectrum of the photons from $ep$ bremsstrahlung with the ZEUS luminosity monitor at HERA is reported. The measurement shows a reduced rate compared to the Bethe-Heitler spectrum for photon energies below 5~GeV. This suppression, called the beam-size effect, is explained by the finite transverse size of the beam overlap relative to the typical impact parameter in the process of $ep$ bremsstrahlung at HERA energies.
For the HERA upgrade, the ZEUS experiment has designed and installed a high precision Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) using single sided micro-strip sensors with capacitive charge division. The sensors have a readout pitch of 120 microns, with five intermediate strips (20 micron strip pitch). An extensive test program has been carried out at the DESY-II testbeam facility. In this paper we describe the setup developed to test the ZEUS MVD sensors and the results obtained on both irradiated and non-irradiated single sided micro-strip detectors with rectangular and trapezoidal geometries. The performances of the sensors coupled to the readout electronics (HELIX chip, version 2.2) have been studied in detail, achieving a good description by a Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of the position resolution as a function of the angle of incidence are presented, focusing in particular on the comparison between standard and newly developed reconstruction algorithms.
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