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Register a new userNOSTOS: a spherical TPC to detect low energy neutrinos
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A novel low-energy ($sim$few keV) neutrino-oscillation experiment NOSTOS, combining a strong tritium source and a high pressure spherical Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector 10 m in radius has been recently proposed. The oscillation of neutrinos of such energies occurs within the size of the detector itself, potentially allowing for a very precise (and rather systematics-free) measure of the oscillation parameters, in particular, of the smaller mixing angle $theta_{13}$, which value could be determined for the first time. This detector could also be sensitive to the neutrino magnetic moment and be capable of accurately measure the Weinberg angle at low energy. The same apparatus, filled with high pressure Xenon, exhibits a high sensitivity as a Super Nova neutrino detector with extra galactic sensitivity. The outstanding benefits of the new concept of the spherical TPC will be presented, as well as the issues to be demonstrated in the near future by an ongoing R&D. The very first results of small prototype in operation in Saclay are shown.
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There exist several kinds of sources emitting neutrinos in the MeV energy range. These low-energy neutrinos from different sources can be often detected by the same multipurpose detectors. The status-of-art of the feld of solar neutrinos, geoneutrinos, and the search for sterile neutrino with artifcial neutrino sources is provided here; other neutrino sources, as for example reactor or high-energy neutrinos, are described elsewhere. For each of these three felds, the present-day motivation and open questions, as well as the latest experimental results and future perspectives are discussed.
Spherical time projection chambers (TPC), also known as spherical proportional counters, are employed in the search for rare phenomena, such as light Dark Matter candidates. The spherical TPC exhibits a number of essential features, making it a promising candidate for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay ($betabeta0 u$). A tonne-scale spherical TPC experiment could cover a region of parameter space relevant for the inverted mass hierarchy with a few years of data taking. In this direction, the major R&D goal of the R2D2 effort is the demonstration of the required energy resolution. First results from an argon-filled prototype detector are reported, demonstrating an energy resolution of 1.1% FWHM for 5.3~MeV $alpha$ tracks in the 0.2 to 1.1~bar pressure range. This is a major milestone in terms of energy resolution, paving the way for further studies with xenon gas, and the possible use of this technology for $betabeta0 u$ searches.
BOREXINO, a real-time device for low energy neutrino spectroscopy is nearing completion of construction in the underground laboratories at Gran Sasso, Italy (LNGS). The experiments goal is the direct measurement of the flux of 7Be solar neutrinos of all flavors via neutrino-electron scattering in an ultra-pure scintillation liquid. Seeded by a series of innovations which were brought to fruition by large scale operation of a 4-ton test detector at LNGS, a new technology has been developed for BOREXINO. It enables sub-MeV solar neutrino spectroscopy for the first time. This paper describes the design of BOREXINO, the various facilities essential to its operation, its spectroscopic and background suppression capabilities and a prognosis of the impact of its results towards resolving the solar neutrino problem. BOREXINO will also address several other frontier questions in particle physics, astrophysics and geophysics.
The $PeV$ cosmogenic neutrino is still interesting argument. Since cosmogenic neutrinos interact weakly with matter, the detection of their direction will precisely point out the source in the space. In this paper, we show the results of the simulation of tau lepton air showers induced by high energy neutrinos detected by an array of stations designed to use the Earth Skimming method improved by the mountain chain screen strategy. Both track time stamp and position information of the stations on the array are used to reconstruct the shower to estimate the direction and the number of events. The array studied consists of 640 stations ($40 times 16$) spread over an area of $0.6,km^2$ starting from $1500,m$ above the sea level (a.s.l.) on $30^{o}$ inclined plane of the mountain. When we extrapolate to 3 years and 10 $km^2$ we estimate 13 tau lepton events in energy interval of 10 PeV to 1000 PeV detected using the present upper limits of tau neutrino flux.
The paper is considering an opportunity for the CERN/GranSasso (CNGS) neutrino complex, concurrent time-wise with T2K and NOvA, to search for theta_13 oscillations and CP violation. Compared with large water Cherenkov (T2K) and fine grained scintillators (NOvA), the LAr-TPC offers a higher detection efficiency and a lower backgrounds, since virtually all channels may be unambiguously recognized. The present proposal, called MODULAr, describes a 20 kt fiducial volume LAr-TPC, following very closely the technology developed for the ICARUS-T60o, and is focused on the following activities, for which we seek an extended international collaboration: (1) the neutrino beam from the CERN 400 GeV proton beam and an optimised horn focussing, eventually with an increased intensity in the framework of the LHC accelerator improvement program; (2) A new experimental area LNGS-B, of at least 50000 m3 at 10 km off-axis from the main Laboratory, eventually upgradable to larger sizes. A location is under consideration at about 1.2 km equivalent water depth; (3) A new LAr Imaging detector of at least 20 kt fiducial mass. Such an increase in the volume over the current ICARUS T600 needs to be carefully considered. It is concluded that a very large mass is best realised with a set of many identical, independent units, each of 5 kt, cloning the technology of the T600. Further phases may foresee extensions of MODULAr to meet future physics goals. The experiment might reasonably be operational in about 4/5 years, provided a new hall is excavated in the vicinity of the Gran Sasso Laboratory and adequate funding and participation are made available.
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