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Bulk Evidence for s-Wave Pairing Symmetry in the n-Type Infinite-Layer Cuprate $Sr_{0.9}La_{0.1}CuO_{2}$

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 Added by Hai-Hu Wen
 Publication date 2003
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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Low temperature specific heat of the electron-doped (n-type) infinite-layer cuprate $Sr_{0.9}La_{0.1}CuO_{2}$ has been measured. The quasiparticle density of states (DOS) in the mixed state is found to be consistent with the feature of the s-wave pairing symmetry, agreeing very well with the earlier tunnelling measurement, but being contrary to the d-wave symmetry well confirmed for the hole-doped (p-type) cuprates. Our results indicate that the electronic DOS are mainly contributed by the vortex cores in the present sample being contrast to the p-type cuprates in which the vortex cores are abnormal and contribute very limited low energy DOS as evidenced by many means.

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We have performed zero-field muon spin rotation measurements on single crystals of La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4} to search for spontaneous currents in the pseudo-gap state. By comparing measurements on materials across the phase diagram, we put strict upper limits on any possible time-reversal symmetry breaking fields that could be associated with the pseudo-gap. Comparison between experimental limits and proposed circulating current states effectively eliminates the possibility that such states exist in this family of materials.
The microscopic details of flux line lattice state studied by muon spin rotation is reported in an electron-doped high-$T_{rm c}$ cuprate superconductor, Sr$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$CuO$_{2}$ (SLCO, $x=0.10$--0.15). A clear sign of phase separation between magnetic and non-magnetic phases is observed, where the effective magnetic penetration depth [$lambdaequivlambda(T,H)$] is determined selectively for the latter phase. The extremely small value of $lambda(0,0)$ %versus $T_{rm c}$ and corresponding large superfluid density ($n_s propto lambda^{-2}$) is consistent with presence of a large Fermi surface with carrier density of $1+x$, which suggests the breakdown of the doped Mott insulator even at the optimal doping in SLCO. Moreover, a relatively weak anisotropy in the superconducting order parameter is suggested by the field dependence of $lambda(0,H)$. These observations strongly suggest that the superconductivity in SLCO is of a different class from hole-doped cuprates.
We present the first demonstration of vortices in an electron-type cuprate superconductor, the highest $T_c$ (= 43 K) electron-type cuprate $Sr_{0.9}La_{0.1}CuO_2$. Our spatially resolved quasiparticle tunneling spectra reveal a hidden low-energy pseudogap inside the vortex core and unconventional spectral evolution with temperature and magnetic field. These results cannot be easily explained by the scenario of pure superconductivity in the ground state of high-$T_c$ superconductivity.
Recently, advances in film synthesis methods have enabled a study of extremely overdoped $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$. This has revealed a surprising behavior of the superfluid density as a function of doping and temperature, the explanation of which is vividly debated. One popular class of models posits electronic phase separation, where the superconducting phase fraction decreases with doping, while some competing phase (e.g. ferromagnetic) progressively takes over. A problem with this scenario is that all the way up to the dome edge the superconducting transition remains sharp, according to mutual inductance measurements. However, the physically relevant scale is the Pearl penetration depth, $Lambda_{P}$, and this technique probes the sample on a length scale $L$ that is much larger than $Lambda_{P}$. In the present paper, we use local scanning SQUID measurements that probe the susceptibility of the sample on the scale $L << Lambda_{P}$. Our SQUID maps show uniform landscapes of susceptibility and excellent overall agreement of the local penetration depth data with the bulk measurements. These results contribute an important piece to the puzzle of how high-temperature superconductivity vanishes on the overdoped side of the cuprates phase diagram.
We report specific heat capacity measurements on a LiFeAs single crystal at temperatures down to 400 mK and magnetic fields up to 9 Tesla. A small specific heat jump at Tc and finite residual density of states at T=0 K in the superconducting (SC) state indicate that there are strong unitary scatterers that lead to states within the SC gap. A sub-linear magnetic field dependence of the Sommerfeld coefficient gamma(H) at T=0 K is equally well fitted by both a nodal d-wave gap as well as a sign changing multiband pm s-wave gap. When impurity effects are taken into account, however, the linear temperature dependence of the electronic specific heat C_{el}/T at low temperatures argues against a nodal d-wave superconducting gap. We conclude that the SC state of LiFeAs is most compatible with the multiband pm s-wave SC state with the gap values Delta_{small}=0.46 Delta_{large}.
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