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Register a new userThe Onset of Mackey-Glass Leukemia at the Edge of Chaos
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In this paper we revisit the Mackey-Glass model for blood-forming process, which was proposed to describe the spontaneous fluctuations of the blood cell counts in normal individuals and the first stage of chronic myelocytic (or granylocytic) leukemia (CML). We obtain the bifurcation diagram as a function of the time delay parameter and show that the onset of leukemia is related to instabilities associated to the presence of periodic windows in the midst of a chaotic regime. We also introduce a very simple modification in the death rate parameter in order to simulate the accumulation of cells and the progressive increase of the minima counts experimentally observed in the final stage of the disease in CML patients. The bifurcation diagram as a function of the death rate parameter is also obtained and we discuss the effects of treatments like leukapheresis.
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After a general discussion of the thermodynamics of conductive processes, we introduce specific observables enabling the connection of the diffusive transport properties with the microscopic dynamics. We solve the case of Brownian particles, both analytically and numerically, and address then whether aspects of the classic Onsagers picture generalize to the non-local non-reversible dynamics described by logistic map iterates. While in the chaotic case numerical evidence of a monotonic relaxation is found, at the onset of chaos complex relaxation patterns emerge.
We explain how specific dynamical properties give rise to the limit distribution of sums of deterministic variables at the transition to chaos via the period-doubling route. We study the sums of successive positions generated by an ensemble of initial conditions uniformly distributed in the entire phase space of a unimodal map as represented by the logistic map. We find that these sums acquire their salient, multiscale, features from the repellor preimage structure that dominates the dynamics toward the attractors along the period-doubling cascade. And we explain how these properties transmit from the sums to their distribution. Specifically, we show how the stationary distribution of sums of positions at the Feigebaum point is built up from those associated with the supercycle attractors forming a hierarchical structure with multifractal and discrete scale invariance properties.
As a counterpart to our previous study of the stationary distribution formed by sums of positions at the Feigenbaum point via the period-doubling cascade in the logistic map (Eur. Phys. J. B 87 32, (2014)), we determine the family of related distributions for the accompanying cascade of chaotic band-splitting points in the same system. By doing this we rationalize how the interplay of regular and chaotic dynamics gives rise to either multiscale or gaussian limit distributions. As demonstrated before (J. Stat. Mech. P01001 (2010)), sums of trajectory positions associated with the chaotic-band attractors of the logistic map lead only to a gaussian limit distribution, but, as we show here, the features of the stationary multiscale distribution at the Feigenbaum point can be observed in the distributions obtained from finite sums with sufficiently small number of terms. The multiscale features are acquired from the repellor preimage structure that dominates the dynamics toward the chaotic attractors. When the number of chaotic bands increases this hierarchical structure with multiscale and discrete scale-invariant properties develops. Also, we suggest that the occurrence of truncated q-gaussian-shaped distributions for specially prescribed sums are t-Student distributions premonitory of the gaussian limit distribution.
Ensemble of initial conditions for nonlinear maps can be described in terms of entropy. This ensemble entropy shows an asymptotic linear growth with rate K. The rate K matches the logarithm of the corresponding asymptotic sensitivity to initial conditions lambda. The statistical formalism and the equality K=lambda can be extended to weakly chaotic systems by suitable and corresponding generalizations of the logarithm and of the entropy. Using the logistic map as a test case we consider a wide class of deformed statistical description which includes Tsallis, Abe and Kaniadakis proposals. The physical criterion of finite-entropy growth K strongly restricts the suitable entropies. We study how large is the region in parameter space where the generalized description is useful.
The assumption that complex systems function optimally at the edge of chaos seems applicable to the international system as well. In this paper I argue that the normal chaotic war dynamic of the European international system (1495-1945) was temporarily (1657-1763) interrupted by a more simplified dynamic, resulting in more intense Great Power wars and in a delay of the reorganization of the international system in the 18th century.
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