No Arabic abstract
Non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior in the f-sublattice-diluted alloy system U_{1-x}Th_xPd_2Al_3 has been studied using ^{27}Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Impurity satellites due to specific U near-neighbor configurations to ^{27}Al sites are clearly resolved in both random and field-aligned powder samples. The spatial mean Kbar and rms spread delta K of impurity satellite shifts, which are related to the mean chibar and rms spread delta chi of the inhomogeneous susceptibility, have been measured in field-aligned powders with the crystalline c axis both perpendicular and parallel to the external field. The relatively narrow lines observed at low temperatures suggest that disorder- induced inhomogeneity of the f-ion--conduction-electron hybridization is not the cause of NFL behavior in these alloys: at low temperatures the experimental values of delta chi(T)/chibar(T) are much smaller than required by disorder- driven models. This is in contrast to results in at least some alloys with disordered non-f-ion nearest neighbors to f ions (ligand disorder), where disorder-driven theories give good accounts of NFL behavior. Our results suggest that f-ion dilution does not produce as much inhomogeneity of the hybridization strength as substitution on ligand sites.
We study how the non-Fermi-liquid nature of the overscreened multi-channel Kondo impurity model affects the response to a BCS pairing term that, in the absence of the impurity, opens a gap $Delta$. We find that non-Fermi liquid features do persist even at finite $Delta$: the local density of states lacks coherence peaks, the states in the continuum above the gap are unconventional, and the boundary entropy is a non-monotonic function of temperature. Even more surprisingly, we also find that the low-energy spectrum in the limit $Deltato 0$ actually does not correspond to the spectrum strictly at $Delta=0$. In particular, the $Deltato 0$ ground state is an orbitally degenerate spin-singlet, while it is an orbital singlet with a residual spin degeneracy at $Delta=0$. In addition, there are fractionalized spin-1/2 sub-gap excitations whose energy in units of $Delta$ tends towards a finite and universal value when $Deltato 0$; as if the universality of the anomalous power-law exponents that characterise the overscreened Kondo effect turned into universal energy ratios when the scale invariance is broken by $Delta ot=0$. This intriguing phenomenon can be explained by the renormalisation flow towards the overscreened fixed point and the gap cutting off the orthogonality catastrophe singularities.
Magnetic resonance (muSR and NMR) studies of f-electron non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) materials give clear evidence that structural disorder is a major factor in NFL behavior. Longitudinal-field muSR relaxation measurements at low fields reveal a wide distribution of muon relaxation rates and divergences in the frequency dependence of spin correlation functions in the NFL systems UCu_{5-x}Pd_x and CePtSi_{1-x}Ge_x. These divergences seem to be due to slow dynamics associated with quantum spin-glass behavior, rather than quantum criticality as in a uniform system, for two reasons: the observed strong inhomogeneity in the muon relaxation rate, and the strong and frequency-dependent low-frequency fluctuation observed in U(Cu,Pd)_5 and CePt(Si,Ge). In the NFL materials CeCu_{5.9}Au_{0.1}, Ce(Ru_{0.5}Rh_{0.5})_2Si_2, CeNi_2Ge_2, and YbRh_2Si_2 the low-frequency weight of the spin fluctuation spectrum is much weaker than in the disordered NFL systems.
The effect of off-plane impurity on superconductivity and non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior in the layered heavy-fermion compound CeCo$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$In$_5$ is investigated by specific heat, magnetization, and electrical resistivity measurements. These measurements reveal that the superconducting (SC) transition temperature T$_c$ monotonically decreases from 2.3 K (x=0) to 0.8 K (x=0.20) with increasing x, and then the SC order disappears above x=0.25. At the same time, the Ni substitution yields the NFL behavior at zero field for x=0.25, characterized by the -ln T divergence in specific heat divided by temperature, C$_p$/T, and magnetic susceptibility, M/B. The NFL behavior in magnetic fields for x=0.25 is quite similar to that seen at around the SC upper critical field in pure CeCoIn$_5$, suggesting that both compounds are governed by the same antiferromagnetic quantum criticality. The resemblance of the doping effect on the SC order among Ni- , Sn-, and Pt-substituted CeCoIn5 supports the argument that the doped carriers are primarily responsible for the breakdown of the SC order. The present investigation further reveals the quantitative differences in the trends of the suppression of superconductivity between Ce(Co,Ni)In$_5$ and the other alloys, such as the rates of decrease in T$_c$, dT$_c$/dx, and specific heat jump at T$_c$, d($Delta$C$_p$/T$_c$)/dx. We suggest that the occupied positions of the doped ions play an important role in the origin of these differences.
CeNi$_{9}$Ge$_4$ exhibits unusual non-Fermi liquid behavior with the largest ever recorded value of the electronic specific heat $Delta C/T cong 5.5$ JK$^{-2}$mol$^{-1}$ without showing any evidence of magnetic order. Specific heat measurements show that the logarithmic increase of the Sommerfeld coefficient flattens off below 200 mK. In marked contrast, the local susceptibility $Deltachi$ levels off well above 200 mK and already becomes constant below 1 K. Furthermore, the entropy reaches 2$R$ln2 below 20 K corresponding to a four level system. An analysis of $C$ and $chi$ was performed in terms of an $SU(N=4)$ single impurity Anderson model with additional crystal electric field (CEF) splitting. Numerical renormalization group calculations point to a possible consistent description of the different low temperature scales in $Delta c$ and $Delta chi$ stemming from the interplay of Kondo effect and crystal field splitting.
Structural, magnetic and thermal measurements performed on CeCo{1-x}Fe{x}Si alloys are reported. Three regions can be recognized: i) Co-rich (x < 0.20) with a decreasing long range antiferromagnetic order which vanishes at finite temperature, ii) an intermediate region (0.20 < x < 0.30) showing a broad magnetic anomaly (C_A) in specific heat and iii) the non-magnetic region progressively changing from a non-Fermi-liquid type behavior towards a Fermi liquid one as Fe concentration increases. The C_A anomaly emerges as an incipient contribution above T_N already at x = 0.10, which indicates that this contribution is related to short range correlations likely of quasi-two dimensional type. Both, T_N transition and C_A anomaly are practically not affected by applied magnetic field up to B ~ 10 Tesla.