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Register a new userThe 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: The bias of galaxies and the density of the Universe
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We compute the bispectrum of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) and use it to measure the bias parameter of the galaxies. This parameter quantifies the strength of clustering of the galaxies relative to the mass in the Universe. By analysing 80 million triangle configurations in the wavenumber range 0.1 < k < 0.5 h/Mpc (i.e. on scales roughly between 5 and 30 Mpc/h) we find that the linear bias parameter is consistent with unity: b_1=1.04 pm 0.11, and the quadratic (nonlinear) bias is consistent with zero: b_2=-0.054 pm 0.08. Thus, at least on large scales, optically-selected galaxies do indeed trace the underlying mass distribution. The bias parameter can be combined with the 2dFGRS measurement of the redshift distortion parameter beta = Omega_m^{0.6}/b_1, to yield Omega_m = 0.27 pm 0.06 for the matter density of the Universe, a result which is determined entirely from this survey, independently of other datasets. Our measurement of the matter density of the Universe should be interpreted as Omega_m at the effective redshift of the survey (z=0.17).
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We present a detailed analysis of the two-point correlation function, from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). We estimate the redshift-space correlation function, xi(s), from which we measure the redshift-space clustering length, s_0=6.82+/-0.28 Mpc/h. We also estimate the projected correlation function, Xi(sigma), and the real-space correlation function, xi(r), which can be fit by a power-law, with r_0=5.05+/-0.26Mpc/h, gamma_r=1.67+/-0.03. For r>20Mpc/h, xi drops below a power-law as is expected in the popular LCDM model. The ratio of amplitudes of the real and redshift-space correlation functions on scales of 8-30Mpc/h gives an estimate of the redshift-space distortion parameter beta. The quadrupole moment of xi on scales 30-40Mpc/h provides another estimate of beta. We also estimate the distribution function of pairwise peculiar velocities, f(v), including rigorously the effect of infall velocities, and find that it is well fit by an exponential. The accuracy of our xi measurement is sufficient to constrain a model, which simultaneously fits the shape and amplitude of xi(r) and the two redshift-space distortion effects parameterized by beta and velocity dispersion, a. We find beta=0.49+/-0.09 and a=506+/-52km/s, though the best fit values are strongly correlated. We measure the variation of the peculiar velocity dispersion with projected separation, a(sigma), and find that the shape is consistent with models and simulations. Using the constraints on bias from recent estimates, and taking account of redshift evolution, we conclude that beta(L=L*,z=0)=0.47+/-0.08, and that the present day matter density of the Universe is 0.3, consistent with other 2dFGRS estimates and independent analyses.
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey has now measured in excess of 160000 galaxy redshifts. This paper presents the power spectrum of the galaxy distribution, calculated using a direct FFT-based technique. We argue that, within the k-space region 0.02<k<0.15 h Mpc^-1, the shape of this spectrum should be close to that of the linear density perturbations convolved with the window function of the survey. This window function and its convolving effect on the power spectrum estimate are analyzed in detail. By convolving model spectra, we are able to fit the power-spectrum data and provide a measure of the matter content of the universe. Our results show that models containing baryon oscillations are mildly preferred over featureless power spectra. Analysis of the data yields 68% confidence limits on the total matter density times the Hubble parameter Omega_m h = 0.20 +/- 0.03, and the baryon fraction Omega_b/Omega_m = 0.15 +/- 0.07, assuming scale-invariant primordial fluctuations.
We have determined the composite luminosity function (LF) for galaxies in 60 clusters from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. The LF spans the range $-22.5<M_{b_{rm J}}<-15$, and is well-fitted by a Schechter function with ${M_{b_{rm J}}}^{*}=-20.07pm0.07$ and $alpha=-1.28pm0.03$ ($H_0$=100 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, $Omega_M$=0.3, $Omega_Lambda$=0.7). It differs significantly from the field LF of cite{mad02}, having a characteristic magnitude that is approximately 0.3 mag brighter and a faint-end slope that is approximately 0.1 steeper. There is no evidence for variations in the LF across a wide range of cluster properties. However the LF of early-type galaxies in clusters is both brighter and steeper than its field counterpart. The differences between the field and cluster LFs for the various spectral types can be qualitatively explained by the suppression of star formation in the dense cluster environment, together with mergers to produce the brightest early-type galaxies.
The clustering properties of local, S_{1.4 GHz} > 1 mJy, radio sources are investigated for a sample of 820 objects drawn from the joint use of the FIRST and 2dF Galaxy Redshift surveys. To this aim, we present 271 new bj < 19.45 spectroscopic counterparts of FIRST radio sources to be added to those already introduced in Magliocchetti et al. (2002). The two-point correlation function for the local radio population is found to be entirely consistent with estimates obtained for the whole sample of 2dFGRS galaxies. We estimate the parameters of the real-space correlation function xi(r)=(r/r_0)^{-gamma}, r_0=6.7^{+0.9}_{-1.1} Mpc and gamma=1.6pm 0.1, where h=0.7 is assumed. Different results are instead obtained if we only consider sources that present signatures of AGN activity in their spectra. These objects are shown to be very strongly correlated, with r_0=10.9^{+1.0}_{-1.2} Mpc and gamma=2pm 0.1, a steeper slope than has been claimed in other recent works. No difference is found in the clustering properties of radio-AGNs of different radio luminosity. These results show that AGN-fuelled sources reside in dark matter halos more massive than sim 10^{13.4} M_{sun}},higher the corresponding figure for radio-quiet QSOs. This value can be converted into a minimum black hole mass associated with radio-loud, AGN-fuelled objects of M_{BH}^{min}sim 10^9 M_{sun}. The above results then suggest -at least for relatively faint radio objects -the existence of a threshold black hole mass associated with the onset of significant radio activity such as that of radio-loud AGNs; however, once the activity is triggered, there appears to be no evidence for a connection between black hole mass and level of radio output. (abridged)
We measure the clustering of galaxy groups in the 2dFGRS Percolation-Inferred Galaxy Group (2PIGG) catalogue. The 2PIGG sample has 29,000 groups with at least two members. The clustering amplitude of the full 2PIGG catalogue is weaker than that of 2dFGRS galaxies, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We have subdivided the 2PIGG catalogue into samples that span a factor of 25 in median total luminosity. Our correlation function measurements span an unprecedented range of clustering strengths, connecting the regimes probed by groups fainter than L* galaxies and rich clusters. There is a steady increase in clustering strength with group luminosity; the most luminous groups are ten times more strongly clustered than the full 2PIGG catalogue. We demonstrate that the 2PIGG results are in very good agreement with the clustering of groups expected in the LCDM model.
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