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Register a new userA review of effects of climate change on Agriculture in Africa
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Added by
Samuel Asante Gyamerah
Publication date
2021
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Currently, agriculture in Africa contributes only a tenth to global Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. Despite its relatively low contribution to GHG, a conundrum of climate justice, adverse impacts of climate change disproportionately threaten Africas agriculture, the Continents main economic sector. Consequently, we seek to review the effects of climate change on Agriculture.
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This study investigates the trend in Rainfall Onset Dates (ROD), Rainfall Cessation Dates (RCD), Length of Growing Seasons (LGS) and Rainfall Amount at Onset of Rainfall (RAO) using linear regression, Mann-Kendall, Sen Slope and Hurst Exponent for four locations in tropical Nigeria and the development of a Fourier based model for ROD and RCD. Daily data was obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency for thirty-four (34) years (1979 - 2013). ROD and RCD were computed using the method of cumulative percentage mean rainfall values. Maiduguri, Gusau and Ikom showed positive trends in ROD and RCD while Ibadan exhibited negative trends in the two parameters. Anti-persistence was observed in ROD, RCD and LGS for three locations (Maiduguri, Gusau and Ibadan). A Fourier based model with seven (7) coefficients was developed to model ROD and RCD for all the locations. The model developed performed very well in all locations with the best performance obtained in Gusau and Ibadan for ROD and RCD respectively. The effects of climate change on agricultural output for the four (4) locations under consideration were highlighted and adaption techniques suggested for mitigating the impact on agricultural output and livelihood of citizens in the areas.
This paper examines how subsistence farmers respond to extreme heat. Using micro-data from Peruvian households, we find that high temperatures reduce agricultural productivity, increase area planted, and change crop mix. These findings are consistent with farmers using input adjustments as a short-term mechanism to attenuate the effect of extreme heat on output. This response seems to complement other coping strategies, such as selling livestock, but exacerbates the drop in yields, a standard measure of agricultural productivity. Using our estimates, we show that accounting for land adjustments is important to quantify damages associated with climate change.
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Drought poses a significant threat to the delicate economies in subsaharan Africa. This study investigates the influence of large scale ocean oscillation on drought in West Africa. Standardized Precipitation Index for the region was computed using monthly precipitation data from the Climate Research Unit during the period 1961 -1990. The impact of three ocean oscillation indices - Southern Ocean Index (SOI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on drought over West Africa was investigated using linear correlation, co-integration test, mutual information and nonlinear synchronization methods. SOI showed predominantly positive correlation with drought over the region while PDO and NAO showed negative correlation. This was confirmed by the co-integration tests. The nonlinear test revealed more complex relationship between the indices and drought. PDO has lesser influence or contribute less to the drought in the coastal region compared to the Sahel region of West Africa.
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