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Lattice gauge theory is an essential tool for strongly interacting non-Abelian fields, such as those in quantum chromodynamics where lattice results have been of central importance for several decades. Recent studies suggest that quantum computers could extend the reach of lattice gauge theory in dramatic ways, but the usefulness of quantum annealing hardware for lattice gauge theory has not yet been explored. In this work, we implement SU(2) pure gauge theory on a quantum annealer for lattices comprising a few plaquettes in a row with a periodic boundary condition. These plaquettes are in two spatial dimensions and calculations use the Hamiltonian formulation where time is not discretized. Numerical results are obtained from calculations on D-Wave Advantage hardware for eigenvalues, eigenvectors, vacuum expectation values, and time evolution. The success of this initial exploration indicates that the quantum annealer might become a useful hardware platform for some aspects of lattice gauge theories.
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An algorithm is proposed for the simulation of pure SU(N) lattice gauge theories based on Genetic Algorithms(GAs). We apply GAs to SU(2) pure gauge theory on a 2 dimensional lattice and show the results, the action per plaquette and Wilson loops, are consistent with those by Metropolis method(MP)s and Heatbath method(HB)s. Thermalization speed of GAs is especially faster than the simple MPs.
We compute chromoelectric and chromomagnetic flux densities for hybrid static potentials in SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theory. In addition to the ordinary static potential with quantum numbers $Lambda_eta^epsilon = Sigma_g^+$, we present numerical results for seven hybrid static potentials corresponding to $Lambda_eta^{(epsilon)} = Sigma_u^+, Sigma_g^-, Sigma_u^-, Pi_g, Pi_u, Delta_g, Delta_u$, where the flux densities of five of them are studied for the first time in this work. We observe hybrid static potential flux tubes, which are significantly different from that of the ordinary static potential. They are reminiscent of vibrating strings, with localized peaks in the flux densities that can be interpreted as valence gluons.
We study the quantum simulation of Z2 lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions. The dual variable formulation, the so-called Wegner duality, is utilized for reducing redundant gauge degrees of freedom. The problem of artificial charge unconservation is resolved for any charge distribution. As a demonstration, we simulate the real-time evolution of the system with two static electric charges, i.e., with two temporal Wilson lines. Some results obtained by the simulator (with no hardware noise) and the real device (with sizable hardware noise) of a quantum computer are shown.
We investigate SU(2) lattice gauge theory in four dimensions in the maximally abelian projection. Studying the effects on different lattice sizes we show that the deconfinement transition of the fields and the percolation transition of the monopole currents in the three space dimensions are precisely related. To arrive properly at this result the uses of a mathematically sound characterization of the occurring networks of monopole currents and of an appropriate method of gauge fixing turn out to be crucial. In addition we investigate detailed features of the monopole structure in time direction.
An Algorithm is proposed for the simulation of pure SU(N) lattice gauge theories based on Genetic Algorithms(GAs). Main difference between GAs and Metropolis methods(MPs) is that GAs treat a population of points at once, while MPs treat only one point in the searching space. This provides GAs with information about the assortment as well as the fitness of the evolution function and producting a better solution. We apply GAs to SU(2) pure gauge theory on a 2 dimensional lattice and show the results are consistent with those given by MP and Heatbath methods(HBs). Thermalization speed of GAs is especially faster than the simple MPs.
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