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Register a new userPerformance study and calibration strategy of the HADES scintillator TOF Wall with fast digital readout
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We present in this work the calibration procedure and a performance study of long scintillator bars used for the time-of-flight (TOF) measurement in the HADES experiment. The digital front-end electronics installed at the TOF detector required to develop novel calibration methods. The exceptional performance of the spectrometer for particle identification and pointing accuracy allows one to determine in great detail the response of scintillators to minimum ionizing particles. A substantial position sensitivity of the calibration parameters has been found, in particular for the signal time walk. After including the position dependence, the timing accuracy for minimum ionizing particles was improved from 190~ps to 135~ps for the shortest rods (1475 mm) and to 165~ps for the longest (2356 mm). These results are in accordance with the time degradation length of the scintillator bars, as determined from previous measurements.
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The performance of scintillator counters with embedded wavelength-shifting fibers has been measured in the Fermilab Meson Test Beam Facility using 120 GeV protons. The counters were extruded with a titanium dioxide surface coating and two channels for fibers at the Fermilab NICADD facility. Each fiber end is read out by a 2*2 mm^2 silicon photomultiplier. The signals were amplified and digitized by a custom-made front-end electronics board. Combinations of 5*2 cm^2 and 6*2 cm^2 extrusion profiles with 1.4 and 1.8 mm diameter fibers were tested. The design is intended for the cosmic-ray veto detector for the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab. The light yield as a function of the transverse and longitudinal position of the beam will be given.
CALIFA is the high efficiency and energy resolution calorimeter for the R3B experiment at FAIR, intended for detecting high energy light charged particles and gamma rays in scattering experiments, and is being commissioned during the Phase-0 experiments at FAIR, between 2018 and 2020. It surrounds the reaction target in a segmented configuration with 2432 detection units made of long CsI(Tl) finger-shaped scintillator crystals. CALIFA has a 10 year intended operational lifetime as the R3B calorimeter, necessitating measures to be taken to ensure enduring performance. In this paper we present a systematic study of two groups of 6 different detection units of the CALIFA detector after more than four years of operation. The energy resolution and light output yield are evaluated under different conditions. Tests cover the aging of the first detector units assembled and investigates recovery procedures for degraded detection units. A possible reason for the observed degradation is given, pointing to the crystal-APD coupling.
A laser calibration system was developed for monitoring and calibrating time of flight (TOF) scintillating detector arrays. The system includes setups for both small- and large-scale scintillator arrays. Following test-bench characterization, the laser system was recently commissioned in experimental Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for use on the new Backward Angle Neutron Detector (BAND) scintillator array. The system successfully provided time walk corrections, absolute time calibration, and TOF drift correction for the scintillators in BAND. This showcases the general applicability of the system for use on high-precision TOF detectors.
We constructed a gamma-ray detector by combining two types of scintillator array detectors with an MPPC array and evaluated the spectral performance by reading out the signals from the MPPC with a low-power integrated circuit (ASIC) manufactured by IDEAS in Norway. One of the two types of scintillators is a GAGG(Ce) (Ce-doped $ rm{Gd_3Al_2Ga_3O_{12}}$) scintillator, and the other is an LFS scintillator. The scintillator array is 2.5 cm $times$ 2.5 cm in size and is coated with $ rm{BaSO_4}$-based white paint for GAGG(Ce) and an enhanced specular reflector (ESR) for LFS except for the side optically coupled to the MPPC. The spectra derived from the array are affected by the MPPC photon saturations and light leakage from the adjacent pixels, and we carefully corrected for both effects in our data analysis. The energy resolution of 662 keV at 20 $^circ$C is 6.10$pm$0.04% for the GAGG(Ce) scintillator array and 8.57$pm$0.15% for the LFS scintillator array, this is equivalent to the typical energy resolution found in the references. The energy resolution depends on the temperature: the energy resolution improves as the temperature decreases. We found that the contribution of thermal noise from the MPPCs to the energy resolution is negligible within the range of --20 to 40 $^circ$C, and the energy resolution is mainly determined by the light yield of the crystals.
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts for the detector(s) at the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. During the last year a highly compact digital readout system has been built. The system has been used for the first time in a beam test in Summer 2019 at DESY. This article summarises the main features of the system and report on its performance during the beam test.
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