Understanding the production of quarks and gluons in high energy collisions and their evolution is a very active area of investigation. Monte carlo event generator PYTHIA8 uses the parton shower model to simulate such collisions and is optimized using experimental observations. Recent measurements of event shape variables and differential jet cross-sections in pp collisions at $surd{s} = 13, TeV$ at the Large Hadron Collider have been used to investigate further the parton shower model as used in PYTHIA8.
Production of quarks and gluons in hadron collisions tests Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) over a wide range of energy. Models of QCD are implemented in event generators to simulate hadron collisions and evolution of quarks and gluons into jets of hadrons. PYTHIA8 uses the parton shower model for simulating particle collisions and is optimized using experimental observations. Recent measurements of event shape variables and jet cross-sections in pp collisions at $sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider have been used to optimize the parton shower model as used in PYTHIA8.
In a previous paper, hereafter referred to as I, we have analyzed the 7 TeV LHC data on W + jets events from the standpoint of IR-improved DGLAP parton shower effects, using the IR-improved Herwiri1.031 parton shower MC in comparison with the Herwig6.5 parton shower MC in the context of the exact $O(alpha_s)$ matrix element matched parton shower framework provided by MG5_aMC@NLO. In the current paper, we extend this analysis to the LHC 8 and 13 TeV data to investigate the energy dependence of the results obtained in I. Specifically, W~+ jet events are generated in the MADGRAPH5_aMC@NLO framework and showered by HERWIG6.521 and HERWIRI1.031 with $mathtt{PTRMS}=2.2$ and 0 GeV, respectively. The differential cross sections are reported as functions of jet multiplicity, transverse linear momenta ($P_{T}$), the jet pesudo-rapidity ($eta$) and the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta ($H_{T}$) for different jet multiplicities 1--3. The dijet cross sections as functions of transverse linear momenta, invariant mass of the dijet and the jet separation are shown as well. Distributions of angular correlations between the jets and the muon are examined as well and the corresponding cross sections are presented. The respective measured cross sections are compared with the exact next-to-leading-order (NLO) matrix element matched parton shower theoretical predictions provided by MADGRAPH5_aMC@NLO/HERWIRI1.031~($mathtt{PTRMS}=0)$ and MADGRAPH5_aMC@NLO/HERWIG6.521~($mathtt{PTRMS}=2.2~mathrm{GeV})$ and the phenomenological consequences are discussed with an eye toward their energy dependence.
The production cross-sections of $Upsilon(1S)$, $Upsilon(2S)$ and $Upsilon(3S)$ mesons in proton-proton collisions at $sqrt{s}$= 13 TeV are measured with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $277 pm 11$ $rm pb^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment in 2015. The $Upsilon$ mesons are reconstructed in the decay mode $Upsilontomu^{+}mu^{-}$. The differential production cross-sections times the dimuon branching fractions are measured as a function of the $Upsilon$ transverse momentum, $p_{rm T}$, and rapidity, $y$, over the range $0 < p_{rm T}< 30$ GeV/c and $2.0 < y < 4.5$. The ratios of the cross-sections with respect to the LHCb measurement at $sqrt{s}$= 8 TeV are also determined. The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions based on NRQCD.
Heavy-flavored hadrons are unique probes to study the properties of hot and dense QCD medium produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Transverse spherocity is one of the event-topology variables used to separate jetty and isotropic events from the pool of event samples. This study aims to understand the production dynamics of heavy-flavors through the transverse momentum spectra, double differential yield and mean transverse momentum of J/$psi$, $rm D^{0}$ and $Lambda_{c}^{+}$ as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse spherocity. Further to investigate the possibility of hardonization of the charm quarks, transverse spherocity dependence ratios like $Lambda_{c}^{+}$/$rm D^{0}$ and $Lambda^{0}$/$K^{-}$ are studied. For the current analysis, the events are generated by using 4C tuned PYTHIA8 for pp at $sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, which is quite successful in explaining the heavy-flavor particle production at the LHC energies.
We have used the dynamically constrained phase space coalescence model to study the production of the exotic state $X(3872)$ based on the hadronic final states generated by the parton and hadron cascade model (PACIAE) with $|y| < 7.5$ and $p_T < 15.5$ GeV/c in $pp$ collisions at $sqrt{s}=7$ and 13 TeV, respectively. Here the $X(3872)$ is assumed to consist of bound state $Dbar {D^*}$, which can form three possible structures for the tetraquark state, the nucleus-like state, and the molecular state. The yields of three different structures $X(3872)$ were predicted. The transverse momentum distribution and the rapidity distribution of three different structures $X(3872)$ are also presented. Sizable difference can be found in the transverse momentum and rapidity distributions for the three different $X(3872)$ structures.
S.K.Kundu
,T.Sarkar
,M.Maity
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(2021)
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"Investigating the parton shower model in PYTHIA8 with pp collision data at $surd{s}=13, TeV$"
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Suman Kumar Kundu
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